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Freedom! '90

For the unrelated earlier song by Wham!, see Freedom (Wham! song).

"Freedom! '90"
Single by George Michael
from the album Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1
B-side
  • "Fantasy"
  • "Freedom" (Back to Reality mix)
Released
  • 30 October 1990 (1990-10-30) (US)
  • 7 December 1990 (1990-12-07) (UK)[1]
RecordedJune 1989[2]
Genre
Length
  • 6:30 (album/video/single edit)
  • 4:31 (UK radio edit)
  • 5:21 (radio edit)
LabelColumbia
Songwriter(s)George Michael
Producer(s)George Michael
George Michael singles chronology
"Waiting for That Day"
(1990) 		"Freedom! '90"
(1990) 		"Heal the Pain"
(1991)
Music video
"Freedom! '90" on YouTube

"Freedom! '90" (also known simply as "Freedom!") is a song written, produced, and performed by English singer-songwriter George Michael, and released by Columbia Records in October 1990. The "'90" added to the end of the title is to prevent confusion with a hit by Michael's former band Wham!, also entitled "Freedom". The song's backing beat is a sample from James Brown's song "Funky Drummer".[5]

It was the third single taken from Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 (1990), though released as the second single from the album in the US and Australia. "Freedom! '90" was one of a few uptempo songs on this album. It was a major hit and peaked at No. 8 on the US Billboard Hot 100. The song refers to Michael's past success with Wham!, yet also shows a new side of himself as a new man, who is more cynical about the music business than he had been before.

Michael refused to appear in the music video for the song, directed by David Fincher, and cast a group of supermodels to appear instead. It went into heavy rotation on MTV and was remastered for the 2017 documentary, George Michael: Freedom.[6] On 30 October 2020 it premiered on YouTube in 4K for its 30th anniversary.[7] Michael performed this song, alongside his 2012 single "White Light", during the closing ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics. Rolling Stone placed "Freedom! '90" at number 126 in their list of "500 Best Songs of All Time" in 2021.[8] Billboard ranked it number 39 in their "500 Best Pop Songs of All Time" in 2023.[9]

Personnel

  • George Michael – lead and backing vocals, bass, percussion
  • Phil Palmer – acoustic and electric guitars
  • Chris Cameron – piano, keyboards
  • Danny Cummings – percussion
  • Shirley Lewis – backing vocals

Chart performance

"Freedom! '90" is 6:30 long, but a shorter version was made available for radio consumption. The radio edit was made by removing the upbeat in several portions of the song and cutting straight to the downbeat. The addition of the year to the title was to distinguish the song from "Freedom", a number one hit in the UK for Wham! in 1984 (number 3 in the US in 1985). It was the second US single from the album Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1, and had contrasting fortunes on each side of the Atlantic—it peaked at number 28 on the UK Singles Chart, but was a major success on the US Billboard Hot 100, reaching number 8 and selling over 500,000 copies to earn a Gold certification from the RIAA. It remained in the Billboard top 40 for 12 weeks in late 1990 and early 1991.[10] In Canada, Michael achieved another chart-topper. As of October 2017, the single sold 83,000 copies in UK.[11]

Music video

David Fincher directed the music video for "Freedom! '90".

By 1990, Michael had become weary of the pressures of fame, telling the Los Angeles Times, "At some point in your career, the situation between yourself and the camera reverses. For a certain number of years, you court it and you need it, but ultimately, it needs you more and it's a bit like a relationship. The minute that happens, it turns you off ... and it does feel like it is taking something from you." Accordingly, he decided not to appear in photo shoots and music videos,[12][13] saying, "I would like to never step in front of a camera again."[13]

Although he later relented and decided to film a video for his new song, he still refused to appear in it. Instead, inspired by Peter Lindbergh's now-iconic portrait of Naomi Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Tatjana Patitz, Christy Turlington, and Cindy Crawford for the January 1990 cover of the British edition of Vogue, Michael asked the five models to appear in the video. While models appearing in music videos was then commonplace, they usually played the singer's love interest, as with Christie Brinkley's appearance Billy Joel's "Uptown Girl" video, or Turlington's appearance in Duran Duran's "Notorious" video. For "Freedom! '90", the five models, rather than portraying his on-screen girlfriends, would lip sync the song in Michael's place.[12] The video also included male models John Pearson,[14] Peter Formby, Rafael Edholm,[15] and fashion photographer Mario Sorrenti.[16]

Evangelista took some persuading before agreeing to appear in the video, saying, "He thought it would make us into a big deal, that it would be good for us. I was like, 'Please, we're here. We've already arrived!'" After speaking with Michael, she was convinced, and rearranged her schedule. In a 2015 Vanity Fair article, Evangelista reflected on her decision positively, saying, "Little did I know that to this day, when someone meets me for the first time, they bring up that video. That's what they remember. So yeah, George was right." An initial disagreement over their salaries was resolved when Annie Veltri, who represented Crawford, Evangelista, Campbell, and Patitz at Elite Model Management, clarified that all of her clients would be compensated equally, at $15,000 a day.[12]

The video was directed by David Fincher, who had also directed videos by Madonna, Billy Idol, Aerosmith, and Paula Abdul (who choreographed George Michael's Faith Tour). His team for the multi-day "Freedom! '90" shoot included Camilla Nickerson, who later became a Vogue contributing editor, as the clothes stylist, hair stylist Guido and makeup artist Carol Brown. Cinematographer Mike Southon shot the video in a vast building in the London Borough of Merton that Nickerson says exhibited "a grandeur and a Blade Runner feel". Despite not appearing in the video, Michael was on set.[12]

The 92-sketch storyboard called for each model to film on separate days, except for Evangelista and Turlington, who appear in a scene together. Each model was assigned a verse to lip-synch, while for the song's chorus, Fincher envisioned the three iconic items from Michael's 1987 music video "Faith" that had come to symbolize his public image at the time: his leather jacket, a Wurlitzer jukebox, and guitar, exploding in a ball of flame, except the leather jacket, at each occurrence of the word "freedom" during the chorus. Before the chorus, the leather jacket was simply ignited and burned. Whereas "Faith" had opened with a jukebox phonograph needle touching a vinyl record, "Freedom! '90" opens with a compact disc player's laser beam reading a CD,[12] after Evangelista turns on the CD player. In a 2004 interview with Adam Mattera for Attitude magazine, Michael reflected on the significance of the video's symbolism: "By the end of the Faith tour I was so miserable because I absolutely knew that I was gay... I didn't suddenly want to come out. I wanted to do it with some kind of dignity. So I thought 'okay, you have to start deconstructing this whole image.'"[17]

Nickerson envisioned a "low-key street style" for the wardrobe, which she characterizes as "a sort of undone beauty", contrasting the prevailing "vampy, larger-than-life" direction in which the fashion industry, typified by models doing film work, was moving at the time. The black sweater worn by Evangelista was from Nickerson's own closet, and the studded biker boots worn by Campbell belonged to Nickerson's boyfriend. Most of the wardrobe budget, however, went to the 60-foot-long linen sheet used by Turlington, the nature of which was specified by Fincher. Guido looked to each model's personality to devise hairdos that would accentuate their "true beauty". Evangelista was up until 3:00am the night before the shoot dyeing her hair platinum blonde, which reflected the cool-blue lights of the set, while Campbell's hair was curled and pulled up with a headband for a 1960s "tough chic" in order to highlight her movement for a shot in which she dances solo. Patitz's hair was framed with soft curls and Turlington's was gelled back to exploit her statuesque form as her character crosses the screen trailing the linen sheet. Brown also tried to highlight each model's personality with makeup, saying, "Cindy was the sexy one; Christy was the cool, classic one; and Linda was the chameleon. She could do anything." Following Fincher's instruction that Crawford's makeup look "completely trashed, as if she'd been in a steamy atmosphere," Brown did Crawford's makeup, and then oiled it down by covering her with glycerin. Crawford spent most of her time topless and sitting in an empty bathtub, resting on an apple box so that enough of her would be visible.[12]

The video premiered a few weeks after the shoot, and was heavily aired on MTV. Reflecting on the video in 2015, Crawford stated that, at the time, they thought they were simply making "a really cool video," but that in retrospect, the video exhibits a dark humour: As MTV had altered the music industry so that physical beauty was now necessary to sell music, the video used five beautiful faces instead of the song's vocalist to mock this.[12]

Analysis

Alan Jones from Music Week wrote, "Despite its title, the song is not a direct descendant of Wham!'s 1984 chart-topper 'Freedom', owing more to Soul II Soul's 'Back to Life'."[18]

Ethan Hein, adjunct professor of music at New York University said that "Freedom! '90" has "an exceedingly peculiar structure for a mainstream pop song"[19] in which a basic four-bar instrumental intro is followed by the chorus harmony and an instrumental break, with the first chorus finally appearing almost two minutes in: "an eternity—most pop songs are practically over at that point". Other features include a five-layer drum pattern with a Funky Drummer break, and a C Mixolydian harmony intro and chorus with Afro-Cuban syncopation and hemiola.

Critical reception

Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic named the song a "highlight" from Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1.[20] Larry Flick from Billboard wrote, "Platinum pop star waxes both cynical and philosophical on this well-worded stab at his early days of fame. Slowly ingratiating, midtempo R&B/hip-hop base could also reaffirm his presence at club level."[21] In a 2008 review, The Daily Vault's Melanie Love stated, "Its catchy chorus and uptempo, jangling instrumentation, coupled with his signature soaring vocals make this confessional a striking example of Michael's newfound independence and proves that his struggle for seriousness could retain the hooks and brilliant tones that make his music so endearing."[22] Adam Sweeting from The Guardian named it one of the "best tracks" of the album, adding, "'Freedom! '90' is a boppy slice of pop which nods in the direction of house and of Happy Mondays' much more scintillating "Step On". Its bright, clanging piano provides the aural focus."[23] Chris Roberts from Melody Maker declared it as "a bleeding-heart apology for his reckless sexy past."[24]

Music & Media magazine remarked that a "stirring Bo Diddley beat, a gospel approach and a great piano riff are the main features of this addictive hit candidate."[25] Victoria Segal from NME noted the "hate-fuelled 'Sympathy for the Devil' roll" of the song.[26] A reviewer from People commented, "On "Freedom 90"—at least this one's set to a radio-ready groove—he rails against the image he has spent the last four years cultivating: "I was every little hungry schoolgirl's pride and joy/And I guess it was enough for me/To win the race? A prettier face!/Brand new clothes and a big fat place/On your rock and roll TV/But today the way I play the game is not the same/No way"."[27]

Impact and legacy

Slant Magazine listed "Freedom! '90" at number 30 in their ranking of "The 100 Best Singles of the 1990s" in 2011.[28] Polish Porcys included it in their "100 Singli 1990-1999" in 2012.[29] Time Out ranked it number two in their list of "The 50 Best Gay Songs to Celebrate Pride All Year Long" in 2022.[30] Same year, it was named the 16th-best song of the 1990s by Pitchfork.[31] In 2023, Billboard ranked "Freedom! '90" number 39 in their list of "500 Best Pop Songs of All Time",[9] while Rolling Stone ranked it number nine in their "The 50 Most Inspirational LGBTQ Songs of All Time".[32] In 2024, Esquire ranked it number 20 in their list of "The 50 Best Songs of the ’90s".[33]

Formats and track listings

  • 7-inch and cassette single (UK)
  1. "Freedom! '90" – 6:29
  2. "Freedom" (Back to Reality mix) – 5:01
  • CD single (US)
  1. "Freedom! '90" – 6:29
  2. "Fantasy" – 5:01

Charts

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[62] Platinum 70,000‡
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[63] Gold 45,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[65] Platinum 715,909[64]
United States (RIAA)[66] Gold 500,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Credits

Robbie Williams version

"Freedom"
Single by Robbie Williams
Released29 July 1996 (1996-07-29)[68]
Length
  • 5:24 (album version)
  • 4:23 (single version)
LabelChrysalis
Songwriter(s)George Michael
Producer(s)Stephen Hague
Robbie Williams singles chronology
"Freedom"
(1996) 		"Old Before I Die"
(1997)
Music video
"Freedom" on YouTube

English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams covered "Freedom" and released it as his debut solo single in July 1996 by Chrysalis, a year after his departure from Take That. In 2010, it appeared on Williams' greatest hits album In and Out of Consciousness: Greatest Hits 1990–2010.

Critical reception

Caroline Sullivan from The Guardian rated Williams' version of the song three out of five.[69] A reviewer from Music Week gave it four out of five, adding, "A pretty good return from Williams. His fans should forgive the, at times, dodgy vocals and send him towards the top of the chart with this George Michael cover."[70]

Music video

The accompanying music video shows Williams dancing in the sea and in a field, celebrating his separation from his former group. In a 2010 interview with Magic 105.4, Williams told Neil Fox that the song had not even been recorded by the scheduled date of filming, which required him to mime to Michael's version of the song.[71]

Track listings

Charts

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[97] Silver 200,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

References

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  2. ^ Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 (liner notes). George Michael. Epic Records. 3 September 1990. p. 4. 467295 2.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) CS1 maint: year (link)
  3. ^ a b Breihan, Tom (13 October 2021). "The Number Ones: George Michael's "Praying For Time"". Stereogum. Retrieved 9 December 2023. 'Freedom! '90' is a glorious pop anthem, equal parts house and gospel and Madchester shuffle...
  4. ^ Breihan, Tom (27 October 2021). "The Number Ones: Stevie B's "Because I Love You (The Postman Song)"". Stereogum. Retrieved 15 December 2023. George Michael's euphoric 'Freedom! '90', a gospel-infused and breakbeat-driven dissection of the man's own career...
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Elecciones parlamentarias de Estonia de 2023

← 2019 •               Elecciones parlamentarias de 2023101 escaños del Riigikogu51 escaños necesarios para la mayoría absoluta Fecha Domingo 5 de marzo de 2023 Tipo Legislativas Período 2023-2027 Demografía electoral Hab. registrados 966 130 Votantes 613 812 Participación    63.53 %  0.1 % Votos válidos 610 318 Votos nulos 3494 Resultados RE – Kaja K...

Weinberge (Naumburg)

Weinberge Stadt Naumburg (Saale) Koordinaten: 51° 9′ N, 11° 46′ O51.15694444444411.759166666667110Koordinaten: 51° 9′ 25″ N, 11° 45′ 33″ O Höhe: 110 m Postleitzahl: 06618 Vorwahl: 03445 Weinberge ist ein Stadtteil von Naumburg (Saale) und liegt im Burgenlandkreis in Sachsen-Anhalt. Lage Der Ort liegt in etwa 110 m Höhe ü. NN am linken Saaleufer gegenüber dem Naumburger Ortsteil Almrich. Er zieht sich am Fuß der d...

 

Abdulgani

Dr.AbdulganiMA[[Direktur Utama Garuda Indonesia]] ke-12Masa jabatan1998–2002PresidenBJ HabibieAbdurrahman WahidMegawati SoekarnoputriPendahuluRobby DjohanPenggantiIndra Setiawan Informasi pribadiLahir(1943-03-14)14 Maret 1943 Bukittinggi, Pendudukan JepangKebangsaan IndonesiaSuami/istriIrama Sofia (k. 1970)Orang tuaHaji SainanSunting kotak info • L • B Dr. Abdulgani, MA (lahir 14 Maret 1943) adalah salah seorang profesional Indonesia terkemuka. Dia adalah sosok di bal...

 

Zainul Bahar

Zainul BaharDanrem 072/PamungkasPetahanaMulai menjabat 26 Oktober 2023PendahuluJoko Purnomo Informasi pribadiLahir3 April 1972 (umur 51)Nganjuk, Jawa TimurSuami/istriNy. Kemala Sari, S.K.M.HubunganIrjen Pol. Drs. Ahmad Luthfi, S.St.Mk., S.H. (kakak)Anak1. Nisauzzara Bahar2. Aqila Bahar3. Aghniya Bahar4. M. Wirajati BaharAlma materAkademi Militer (1995)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan DaratMasa dinas1995-sekarangPangkat Brigadir Jenderal TNISatuanInfant...

Iveco SuperAV

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Iveco SuperAV adalah kendaraan tempur lapis baja amfibi yang dikembangkan oleh IVECO. Dua baling-baling dipasang di belakang memungkinkan kendaraan berjalan pada kecepatan maksimum 10kmp di atas air. SUPERAV ini memiliki desain modular memungkinkan un...

 

Katharina Beck

German politician (Green Party) Katharina BeckKatharina Beck, 2018Member of the BundestagIncumbentAssumed office 2021 Personal detailsBorn (1982-04-13) 13 April 1982 (age 41)DüssledorfNationalityGermanPolitical partyAlliance 90/The Greens Katharina Beck (born 1982) is a German politician (Alliance90/The Greens). She was elected member of the German Bundestag in the 2021 German federal election.[1][2] She was a list candidate for the Green Party in Hamburg and nominal...

 

At Mother's Request

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: At Mother's Request – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2018) American TV series or program At Mother's RequestGenreDramaWritten byRichard DeLong Adams (teleplay)Jonathan Coleman (novel)Directed byMichael TuchnerStarringE.G. M...

Marat

1966 film by Peter Brook For the play, see Marat/Sade. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Marat/Sade film – news · newspapers · books · scholar...

 

Bay Area Rapid Transit rolling stock

Bay Area Rapid Transit Stock Part of a series of articles on Overview History Stations Rolling stock Expansion District Police vte The rolling stock of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system consists of 782 self-propelled electric multiple units, built in four separate orders.[1] Pre-pandemic, to run a typical peak morning commute, BART required 579 cars. Of those, 535 are scheduled to be in active service; the others are used to build up four spare trains (used to maintain on-time ...

 

Arthur Hayday

British politician This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Arthur Hayday – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2020) (Learn how an...

Mozabite people

Ethnic group Mozabitesبني مزابPhotograph of a Mozabite, May 19, 1889Total population150,000–300,000 (2015)[1]Regions with significant populationsM'zab valley, AlgeriaLanguagesMozabite and ArabicReligionIbadi Islam[2] and JudaismRelated ethnic groupsOther Berbers[3] The Mozabite people or Banu Mzab (Arabic: بني مزاب) are a Berber ethnic group inhabiting the M'zab natural region in the northern Sahara in Algeria, numbering about 150,000 to 300,000 people....

 

Universitas Liberia

Universitas LiberiaMotobahasa Latin: Lux ex tenebrisbahasa Indonesia: Cahaya dari kegelapanJenisUniversitas negeriDidirikan1862PresidenDr. Ophelia Inez WeeksStaf akademik331Jumlah mahasiswa17.620LokasiMonrovia, Liberia6°17′57″N 10°47′41″W / 6.29917°N 10.79472°W / 6.29917; -10.79472KampusKampus Monrovia (perkotaan)Kampus Fendell (pedesaan)AfiliasiKomisi Pendidikan Tinggi Liberia Asosiasi Universitas AfrikaSitus web[1] Universitas Liberia (bahasa Ingg...

 

Holiday (Lil Nas X song)

2020 single by Lil Nas X HolidaySingle by Lil Nas XReleasedNovember 13, 2020 (2020-11-13)RecordedJune 27, 2020Length2:35LabelColumbiaSongwriter(s) Montero Hill Brytavious Chambers David Biral Denzel Baptiste Jocelyn Donald Tyler Brooks Producer(s) Tay Keith Take a Daytrip Lil Nas X singles chronology Rodeo (Remix) (2020) Holiday (2020) Montero (Call Me by Your Name) (2021) Music videoHoliday on YouTube Holiday (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rapper and singer L...

Itchen Ferry village

Itchen Ferry village was a small hamlet on the East bank of the River Itchen in Hampshire. The village took its name from the small fishing boats that were also used to ferry foot passengers across the river. An Ordnance Survey map of 1911 (NC/03/17894)[1] shows the village to be situated in the area roughly bounded by Sea Road, Oakbank Road, the River Itchen and the railway line in modern Woolston, but also extending along Sea Road towards Peartree Green on the other side of the rail...

 

Circular reasoning

Logical fallacy in which the conclusion provides the premise Part of a series onPyrrhonism Pyrrhonists Pyrrho Timon of Phlius Aenesidemus Agrippa the Skeptic Sextus Empiricus Concepts Ataraxia Acatalepsy Adiaphora Aporia Dogma Epoché Similar philosophies Empiric school Epilogism Academic skepticism Modern influence Münchhausen trilemma Benson Mates Robert Fogelin  Philosophy portalvte Circular reasoning (Latin: circulus in probando, circle in proving;[1] also known as circu...

 
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