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Helsinki village landing

Helsinki village landing
Part of the Finnish War

Inskeppningen efter striden vid Helsinge, by Jacob Hägg
Date26–28 September 1808
Location
Helsinge village, Tövsala; now Helsinki (Taivassalo); Southwest Finland
Result Russian victory
Belligerents
Sweden Russian Empire Russian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Gustaf Boije
Gustaf Olof Lagerbring [sv]		 Russian Empire Pyotr Bagration
Russian Empire Karl Gustav von Baggovut
Strength
Swedish accounts:
3,300[1][2]

Russian accounts:
4,000[3]–5,000[4]		 Russian accounts:
4,000[3]–4,500[5]

Swedish accounts:
5,000[2]–6,000[1]
Casualties and losses
Swedish accounts:
657[6]–826[1]

Russian accounts:
c. 1,000 killed and wounded,
350 captured,
15 cannons,
1 standard,
1 wagon train.[4]		 Russian accounts:
400[4]–524[6]

The Helsinki village landing, or the Combat of Helsinge[7] (Russian: Бой у Гельсинге), was fought during the Finnish War between Sweden and the Russian Empire on 26–28 September 1808 (J:14-16 S), a part of the battles of the Turku archipelago.

Prelude

King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden planned a large landing operation, over 8,000 strong. Due to the difficult sea weather conditions, the task force under Colonel Anders Fredrik Skjöldebrad was forced to return to Sweden, damaged and broken. The other task force of 3,300 men under Lieutenant Colonel Gustav Olof Lagerbring landed at Helsinge village, Tövsala (now Helsinki, Taivassalo), successfully and the troops advanced to the inland areas.[1][2] The king of Sweden was late to the battle area himself; he arrived on 28 September 1808 in his own yacht. The Russians, under Prince Pyotr Bagration, would be able to organize 4,000[3] to 4,500 troops against them,[5] in six battalions, three squadrons, one Cossack regiment with seven cannons.[4] According to Swedish and Russian estimates, their enemies had 4,000–5,000[3] and 5,000–6,000 men respectively.[2]

Course of battle

Monday 26 September (J:14 S)

The landing started in at 09:00 o’clock in the morning. The Cossacks who patrolled at the beach were pushed back to the village of Järvenperä. The Swedish troops advanced slowly and the Russians reacted quickly, as they sent 3 companies from the Pernov (Pärnu) Musketeer Regiment[8] supported by 2 cannons to oppose the advancing Swedes at Järvenperä. The Kronoberg Regiment[9] offensive caused the Russians to retreat. The Swedes had 4 men wounded on the first day of fighting (one mortally). The Russians had some killed and wounded but only one captured.[6][2]

Tuesday 27 September (J:15)

In the morning, the Swedes proceeded to advance in the direction of the village of Viiainen. There, Russian Lieutenant General Karl Gustav von Baggovut had built a defense line with a battalion of the Nevski Musketeer Regiment.[10] According to Baggovut's orders, they had to delay the progress of the Swedes, but the Swedes pushed the Russians back from their positions. Colonel Freiherr Gustaf Reinhold Boije af Gennäs was named as the commander of the Swedish battle forces. The Swedes had 10 or 12 killed, 71 wounded and 3 missing on the second day of fighting. The Russian loss in killed and wounded was significant, while 40 were captured.[6][2]

Wednesday 28 September (J:16)

During the night, Prince Pyotr Bagration brought sizable reinforcements to Baggovut. Boije planned a two-pronged offensive for the Swedes. One force would attack from north of Viiainen to Puosta, while at the same time the Lagerbring force would strike the flank of Russian forces at Puosta through Haaroinen and Ranta. Because of the reinforcements, Baggovut had the initiative and he struck strongly and directly to Boije's main line of position while simultaneously starting a flank offensive via Ranta. Lagerbring's attack was stopped by the force of the Russian troops and he had to retreat. Boije found the situation hopeless and ordered a general retreat to the Helsinge/Helsinki village. At the beach the situation was chaotic. The king had ordered all the gunboats to Kahiluoto, and so there were only defenseless troopships left. The loading of the ships happened in disarray under Russian fire and resulted in large losses. The Swedes had lost 45 killed, 176 wounded and 346 missing (of which more than 300 captured) on the third day of fighting.[6]

In total, between 657[6] and 826 Swedes were lost in all three days.[1] Russian general Paul van Suchtelen [ru] attested to 1,000 Russians and Swedes being killed in total; while 362 Swedes had been captured, along with their wagon train. Furthermore, five[3] or 15 Swedish guns and one of their standards were captured.[4] By their own accounts, the Russians had 120 killed, 352 wounded and 52 captured during the three days of fighting,[6] or 400 men.[4]

Swedish regiments and losses

  • Swedish command Staff; 1 wounded and 1 missing — 2
  • Svea Life Guards (1 battalion); 9 killed, 20 wounded and 3 missing — 32
  • Swedish Guard Regiment (1 battalion); 6 killed, 27 wounded and 3 missing — 36
  • Finnish Guard Regiment (1 battalion); 13 killed, 25 wounded and 38 missing — 76
  • Jägers (1 battalion, emerged from other regiments); 11 killed, 42 wounded and 4 missing — 57
  • Kronoberg Infantry Regiment and auxiliary reserve (3 battalions; of which 1 reserve); 11 killed, 72 wounded and 145 missing — 228
  • Västmanland auxiliary reserve (1 battalion); 2 killed, 48 wounded and 64 missing — 114
  • Uppland auxiliary reserve (1 battalion); 4 killed, 7 wounded and 87 missing — 98
  • Life Guards of Horse (2 squadrons); 3 missing
  • Svea Artillery Regiment; 1 killed, 5 wounded and 1 missing — 7
  • An additional 4 men were wounded from the Kronoberg and, or Svea Life Guard regiments. — 4

In total: less than 3,800 men (no more than 3,300 in the main battle on the 28th);[5] 57 killed, 251 wounded and 349 missing (of which about 300 privates and 11 officers captured according to Russian records).[6]

Notes, citations and sources

Notes

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e Schulman 1909, pp. 227–231.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Montgomery 1842, pp. 54–65.
  3. ^ a b c d e van Suchtelen 1854, pp. 133–137.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Velichko et al. 1912.
  5. ^ a b c Hornborg 1955, pp. 188–191.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Generalstaben 1910, pp. 236–237.
  7. ^ Nive 1910, p. 271.
  8. ^ 3-й гренадерский Перновский Короля Фридриха-Вильгельма IV полк
  9. ^ Kronobergs regemente
  10. ^ 1-й пехотный Невский генерал-фельдмаршала графа Ласси, ныне Его Величества Короля Эллинов полк

Sources

  • Hornborg, Eirik (1955). När riket sprängdes: fälttågen i Finland och Västerbotten, 1808-1809 (in Swedish). Stockholm: P. A. Norstedts och Söners Förlag.
  • Generalstaben (1910), Sveriges krig åren 1808 och 1809, 2, Bilagor (in Swedish), vol. 5, Stockholm: Kongl. boktryckeriet P. A. Norstedt & söner
  • Velichko, Konstantin I.; Novitsky, Vasily F.; Schwarz, Alexey V. von; Apushkin, Vladimir A.; Schoultz, Gustav K. von (1912). Военная энциклопедия Сытина [Sytin Military Encyclopedia] (in Russian). Vol. VII: Воинская честь – Гимнастика военная. Moscow: Тип. Т-ва И. Д. Сытина. p. 222. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  • Nive, Pyotr (1910). Русско-шведская война 1808—09 г.г. (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Военная Типография.
  • Schulman, Hugo (1909). Striden om Finland 1808-1809 (in Swedish). Borgå: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö.
  • Montgomery, Gustaf (1842). Historia öfver kriget emellan Sverige och Ryssland: åren 1808 och 1809 (in Swedish). Örebro: Lindh.
  • van Suchtelen, Paul (1854). Narrative of the Conquest of Finland by the Russians in the Years 1808-9. Translated by Monteith, William. London: Lionel Booth.

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