According to John Eliot Gardiner, the poet is likely the same as for two preceding cantatas, Bleib bei uns, denn es will Abend werden, BWV 6, and Am Abend aber desselbigen Sabbats, BWV 42,[3] before Christiana Mariana von Ziegler became the poet for the following cantatas of the period.[4] The three cantata texts were probably written for Bach's first year in Leipzig, but postponed due to the workload of the first performance of the St John Passion that year. They are a sequence on themes from the Gospel of John.[3] The poet opens the cantata with the beginning from the Gospel, verse 11.[5] The second movement explains that being a Good Shepherd was realized in the Passion. The thought is commented by the first stanza of Cornelius Becker's hymn "Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt" (1602),[6] a paraphrase of Psalm 23.[3] The poet refers in movement 4 to verse 12 of the Gospel, the contrast of the shepherd who is awake to watch over the sheep, whereas the hired servants sleep and neglect them. Movement 5 names love as the shepherd's motivation to care for the sheep. The cantata ends with the chorale "Ist Gott mein Schutz und treuer Hirt", the fourth stanza of Ernst Christoph Homberg's hymn "Ist Gott mein Schild und Helfersmann" (1658).[2]
Bach first performed the cantata on 15 April 1725.[2]
Chorale (soprano): Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt
Recitative (tenor): Wenn die Mietlinge schlafen
Aria (tenor): Seht, was die Liebe tut
Chorale (satb): Ist Gott mein Schutz und treuer Hirt
Music
In the first movement, the bass as the vox Christi sings "I am a good shepherd", framed by instrumental ritornellos. The motif on these words appears already four times in the ritornello.[7] The movement is between aria and arioso, with the oboe as a concertante instrument in "a mood of tranquil seriousness".[5] The alto aria is accompanied by an obbligatovioloncello piccolo.[5] The chorale stanza is sung by the soprano on the tune of "Allein Gott in der Höh sei Ehr" by Nikolaus Decius,[8] with a slightly ornamented melody, whereas the two oboes play a theme in ritornellos which is derived from the first line of the tune.[2]
The only recitative is a miniature sermon, accompanied by the strings accenting phrases of the text. Movement 5 is the only movement in the cantata in pastorale rhythm. The strings, violins and violas, play in unison in the low register. Thus the tenor voice frequently appears as the highest part, beginning with three times "Seht" (look). Gardiner observes the similarity to an alto aria (movement 60) of the St Matthew Passion, "Sehet, Jesus hat die Hand", both in the theme of "pastoral love emanating from the cross", and in the music, described as "rich, flowing melody and gently rocking rhythm". The closing chorale is a four-part setting.[2][7]
Cantata BWV 85 Ich bin ein guter Hirt: history, scoring, sources for text and music, translations to various languages, discography, discussion, Bach Cantatas Website
