The United States Supreme Court typically keeps all deliberations and draft opinions private while a case is pending. At the start of the publication process, the court releases a single slip opinion for the case. However, some instances of news leaks of private deliberations or draft opinions have occurred.
In February 1857, Associate Justice John Catron informed President-elect James Buchanan that the Supreme Court would write in Dred Scott v. Sandford that Congress had no power to regulate slavery in federal territories.[3] Catron wanted Justice Robert Cooper Grier, a Pennsylvanian, to join the majority in Dred Scott so there would be at least one Northerner, who would be in favor of the majority's decision. Buchanan wrote to Grier asking him to join the Court's majority, which Grier did. At his inauguration, Buchanan referred to the Dred Scott decision and said the issue of slavery would soon be "speedily and finally" settled by the Supreme Court. The Tribune also published a running account of deliberations in the case, with Justice John McLean suspected of being the leaker.[1][4]
20th century
Ashton Embry leaks
The Department of Justice indicted Ashton Embry, a former clerk of Justice Joseph McKenna, in 1919 for leaking pending decisions to Wall Street traders, including a railroad patent case. Embry had resigned a few months earlier to become a baker.[5] No insider trading laws existed then, so Embry was charged with depriving "the United States of its lawful right and duty of promulgating information in the way and at the time required by law and at departmental regulation."[5] The case never went to trial after the government's chief witness was "accused of conspiring with the Germans during World War I."[5][6]Ninth Circuit Judge John B. Owens told Politico in 2022 that Embry is the only known case where "someone financially benefitted from disclosing inside information at the Supreme Court".[7]
Once a decision was finalized, Larry Hammond, a clerk for Justice Lewis Powell, leaked it to Time, on the condition it would not be published until the ruling was public. The announcement was delayed, but Time was already scheduled to publish and hit newsstands anyways.[8][10] Chief Justice Warren E. Burger was "livid", and asked the other justices to identify the leaker so they could be punished.[11] Hammond confessed to Powell, offering to resign, but Powell rejected that offer, telling Burger that Hammond was double-crossed. Burger met with Hammond and forgave him, and would also meet with editors from Time.[11][12]
The reporter who broke the story, David C. Beckwith, said in 2022 that he spoke with about 15 people for the story, including Hammond.[12]
Other 1970s and 1980s leaks
In 1977, NPR's Nina Totenberg reported that by a 5–3 vote, the Court declined to review cases of three defendants in Watergate cases.[8][13]
Two years later, Chief Justice Warren Burger reassigned a member of the Court's print staff after determining they leaked the results of multiple cases to Tim O’Brien, an ABC News correspondent.[13][14] In 1986, O'Brien correctly reported the 7–2 vote in Bowsher v. Synar, but got the specific day the Court was expected to announce its ruling wrong, as Burger delayed the announcement, likely because of the leak.[13][15]
In June 1992, an issue of the newsmagazine Newsweek contained an account of the Court's deliberations in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, a case involving abortion. The article cited various unnamed sources, including clerks, and correctly predicted that "at least three of the nine justices are planning to draft opinions in Casey" and that the decision would be issued on June 29.[17] In a June 10, 1992 memorandum to all law clerks, Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist admonished clerks to say nothing to the press about pending cases.[17] The Rehnquist memo about the apparent leak became public in 2023, when the private papers of John Paul Stevens (who retired in 2010 and died in 2019) were released.[17]
In July 2022, Christian minister Rob Schenck, a former anti-abortion leader who had led a D.C.-based evangelical nonprofit group, sent a letter to Chief Justice Roberts saying that, in 2014, he had been told in advance that Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. would be decided in favor of Hobby Lobby, and that the opinion would be authored by Justice Samuel Alito. Schenck reportedly obtained this information from a donor, Gayle Wright, who, with her husband, had dinner with Alito and his wife. Schenck gave interviews on the matter to the New York Times, which reported on it in November 2022, stating that "in months of examining Mr. Schenck’s claims, The Times found a trail of contemporaneous emails and conversations that strongly suggested he knew the outcome and the author of the Hobby Lobby decision before it was made public." Alito denied the allegation, and said his relationship with the Wrights was "casual and purely social."[24][25][26]
In 2023, CNN reported that the justices left their first conference on Allen v. Milligan without a consensus on either side. However, after a series of negotiations between Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Brett Kavanaugh, the chief justice convinced Kavanaugh, who was "[a]mbivalent during early internal debate," to join him in holding that Alabama's congressional districts were likely illegally racially gerrymandered.[29][30]
The final majority opinion released on June 24, 2022, was largely the same as the leaked draft, the main additions responding to the concurrence and dissent.[39][40]
In January 2023, following an investigation led by the Marshal of the Supreme Court, the Court released a 20-page summary of its investigation.[41][42] The analysis was independently reviewed by Michael Chertoff, a former judge and Cabinet secretary.[42] The investigation failed "to identify ... by a preponderance of the evidence" the person or persons who leaked the Dobbs draft opinion.[43] Investigators had reviewed computers network and printer logs and interviewed at least 97 court personnel.[41] The investigation counted 82 staff members, in addition to the justices, who had access to the draft.[42] Court staff were asked to provide sworn statements, but neither the justices nor their spouses were interviewed under oath or asked to provide affidavits.[42]
New York Times report
In December 2023, the New York Times released a report about some of the details that led to the Dobbs opinion. In a January 2021 conference, the three liberal justices, Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan, as well as Roberts, opposed granting the petition for certiorari in Dobbs, while the remaining five justices were in favor. Kavanaugh proposed that the Court wait until the spring until publicly deciding to hear the case, ensuring that it would be argued in the following term. This move was to avoid the appearance of moving to quickly after Ginsburg's death and the appointment of Amy Coney Barrett to the Court. Justices Clarence Thomas, Alito, and Neil Gorsuch were opposed to the idea, but Barrett said she would vote against granting certiorari if the case was to be heard during the current term. Despite the Court going along with Kavanaugh's plan, publicly granting the petition in May, Barrett ended up voting against hearing the case despite her earlier declaration.[44][45]
Roberts reportedly tried to persuade Kavanaugh to join his opinion in Dobbs: to uphold the 15-week ban on abortion at the heart of the case without completely overturning Roe. Breyer, who was open to joining Roberts' opinion in order to save Roe, also joined these efforts; if one member of the majority joined their opinion, Supreme Court rules would have made Roberts' decision the controlling one, given that it was decided on narrower grounds.[44][45]
In February, after Alito had written his draft of the majority opinion and first circulated it among the justices, Gorsuch gave it his approval within 10 minutes. Thomas and Barrett gave their assent the next morning, followed by Kavanaugh. Unusually, none of them suggested any changes to the draft. The fact that those justices gave their support to the opinion so quickly, given its length of nearly 100 pages, led the Times to suggest that Alito may have "pregamed it among some of the conservative justices, out of view from other colleagues."[44][45][46]
Moyle v. United States
On June 26, 2024, the Court inadvertently posted a document to its website that appeared to be an opinion for Moyle v. United States. The opinion seemed to indicate that the court will temporarily allow abortions in medical emergencies in Idaho.[47] The Court said in a statement that the document was "inadvertently and briefly" published, and that its final decision had "not been released" but would be presented in due course.[48] The opinion was published the following day, with little to no change.[49]
نايجل فاراج عضو في البرلمان الأوروبي (بالإنجليزية: Nigel Paul Farage) زعيم حزب الإستقلال تولى المنصب5 نوفمبر 2010 النائب بول نوتال جيفري تيتفورد (شاغل) في المنصب12 سبتمبر 2006 – 27 نوفمبر 2009 النائب ديفيد كامبل بينرمان روجر كنابمان مالكولم رانوك زعيم حزب الإستقلال البريطاني في الم…
Джон Ллойд John Lloyd Громадянство Велика БританіяМісце проживання Каліфорнія, СШАДата народження 27 серпня 1954Місце народження Leigh-on-Sea, Ессекс, АнгліяЗріст 180 смВага 75 кгРобоча рука права (одноручний бекгенд)Призові, USD $598,092Одиночний розрядМатчів в/п 210–259Титулів 1Найв
ألبرتو إنتريريوس معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالإسبانية: Alberto Entrerríos Rodríguez) الميلاد 7 نوفمبر 1976 (العمر 47 سنة)إسبانيا الطول 1.92 م (6 قدم 4 بوصة) مركز اللعب ظهير [لغات أخرى] الجنسية إسباني الوزن 102 كيلوغرام (225 رطل) أخوة وأخوات راؤول إنتريريوس الحياة الع…
Pezel redirects here. For the musician, see Johann Christoph Pezel. This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (October 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Christoph Pezel, 1598 Christoph Pezel (5 March 1539 – 24 February 1604) was an influential Reformed Theologian who introduced the Reformed co…
Robert Upshaw Datos personalesNombre completo Robert Ridjell Upshaw IIIApodo(s) Big Block BobNacimiento Fresno, California, Estados Unidos5 de enero de 1994 (29 años)Nacionalidad(es) EstadounidenseAltura 2,13 m (7′ 0″)Peso 120 kg (264 lb)Carrera deportivaDeporte BaloncestoEquipo universitario Fresno State (2012-2013)Washington (2014-2015)Club profesionalDraft de la NBA No elegido, 2015Club BC Tsmoki-MinskLiga Premier League de BielorrusiaPosición PívotDorsal(es) …
Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill (also known as Eileen O'Connell, c. 1743 – c. 1800) was a member of the Irish gentry and a poet. She was the main composer of Caoineadh Airt Uí Laoghaire, a traditional lament in Irish described (in its written form) as the greatest poem composed in either Ireland or Britain during the eighteenth century.[1] Ní Chonaill was a member of Muintir Chonaill of Derrynane, County Kerry, being one of ten surviving children of Dómhnaill Mór Ó Con…
Air Terjun Toyomerto adalah salah satu lokasi wisata air terjun yang berada di wilayah Ponorogo. Tepatnya Air Terjun Toyomerto ini terletak di Kecamatan Ngebel, Kabupaten Ponorogo.[1] Air Terjun Toyomerto ini berjarak kurang lebih 5 kilometer dari lapangan Kecamatan Ngebel menuju ke arah timur. Jika dari pusat kota Ponorogo, Air Terjun Toyomerto berjarak kurang lebih sekitar 35 kilometer. Perjalanan menuju Air Terjun Toyomerto ini cukup berkelok-kelok sehingga dibutuhkan kewaspadaan bagi…
Cinema in Cape Town, South Africa Labia TheatreAddress68 Orange Street, Gardens, Cape Town, South AfricaOwnerLudi KrausTypeMovie theatreOpened16 May 1949[1][2]Websitewww.thelabia.co.za The Labia Theatre is one of the oldest independent movie theatres in Cape Town, South Africa.[3] History The original building was an Italian Embassy ballroom opened by Princess Labia on 16 May 1949 as a theatre for the staging of live performance arts. Films were screened during the period…
بيرلي الإحداثيات 47°10′40″N 96°48′19″W / 47.177777777778°N 96.805277777778°W / 47.177777777778; -96.805277777778 تقسيم إداري البلد الولايات المتحدة[1] التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة نورمان خصائص جغرافية المساحة 0.64215 كيلومتر مربع0.613035 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبريل 2010)[2] ارتفاع 267 متر…
У Вікіпедії є статті про інших людей з таким ім'ям: Гай. Гай Юлій ПрокулНародився невідомоПомер 132м. РимКраїна Стародавній РимДіяльність військовикПосада консул-суффектВійськове звання легатТермін 109 рікПопередник Гай Антіох Епіфан ФілопаппНаступник Сервій Корнелій Сци…
Reciprocating internal combustion engine Toyota R engineModified 18R-G engine in a 1974 Toyota Corona HardtopOverviewManufacturerToyotaProduction1953–1997LayoutConfigurationInline-fourCylinder block materialCast IronCylinder head materialCast IronAluminiumValvetrainOHV 2 valves per cylSOHC 2 valves per cylDOHC 2 valves per cylValvetrain drive systemTiming ChainCompression ratio7.5:1-10.0:1CombustionTurbochargerHitachi CT20 on 22R-TE onlyFuel systemCarburetorMulti-port fuel injectionFuel typeGa…
Maurice Bavaud Maurice Bavaud (* 15. Januar 1916 in Neuenburg, Schweiz; † 14. Mai 1941 in Berlin-Plötzensee; heimatberechtigt in Bottens) war ein Schweizer Seminarist, der versuchte, Adolf Hitler am 9. November 1938 in München zu erschiessen. Der Anschlag auf Hitler scheiterte. Nach seiner Festnahme wurde Bavaud in einem Geheimprozess vom Volksgerichtshof zum Tode verurteilt und hingerichtet. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 1.1 Kindheit und Ausbildung 1.2 Versuchter Anschlag auf Hitler 1.3 In den…
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (ديسمبر 2019) البيرت بول معلومات شخصية الميلاد 14 أغسطس 1896 نوتنغهام الوفاة 7 مايو 1917 (20 سنة) [1] أنيولين [لغات أخرى] مواطنة المملكة المتحدة لبريط…
Формула масляної кислоти Масляна кислота (бутанова кислота С3Н7СООН, етилоцтова кислота СН3СН2СН2СООН) — одноосновна карбонова кислота. Назва масляної кислоти походить від латинського слова лат. butyrum або лат. buturum, що означає «вершкове масло», в якому вперше була виявлена…
Galaxy Evolution ExplorerIlustrasi GALEXOperatorNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, CaltechCOSPAR ID2003-017ASATCAT no.27783Situs webhttp://www.galex.caltech.edu/ Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) adalah teleskop antariksa ultraviolet yang diluncurkan pada tanggal 28 April 2003 dan aktif hingga dinonaktifkan oleh NASA pada 28 Juni 2013. Pre-launch GALEX at the pre-launch tests GALEX being mated to a Pegasus XL Rocket GALEX's Pegasus XL being attached to the Lockheed L-1011 Stargazer The …
Resolusi 1350Dewan Keamanan PBBBendera ICTYTanggal27 April 2001Sidang no.4.316KodeS/RES/1350 (Dokumen)TopikPengadilan Pidana Internasional untuk bekas YugoslaviaRingkasan hasil15 mendukungTidak ada menentangTidak ada abstainHasilDiadopsiKomposisi Dewan KeamananAnggota tetap Tiongkok Prancis Rusia Britania Raya Amerika SerikatAnggota tidak tetap Bangladesh Kolombia Irlandia Jamaika Mali Mauritius Norwegia Singapura Tu…
American politician William Bunn ShattucMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Ohio's 1st districtIn officeMarch 4, 1897 – March 3, 1903Preceded byCharles Phelps TaftSucceeded byNicholas LongworthMember of the Ohio Senatefrom the 1st districtIn officeJanuary 6, 1896 – January 2, 1898Serving with Charles Fleischmann, John W. Herron, Adolph PluemerPreceded byFrank Kirchner, Samuel W. Ramp, Herman H. RothertSucceeded byAlfred M. Cohen, J. W. Harper…
فياردابيغدFjarðabyggð فياردابيغد خريطة الموقع تاريخ التأسيس 1998 تقسيم إداري البلد آيسلندا[1][2] البلد آيسلندا إحداثيات 65°02′00″N 14°13′00″W / 65.033333°N 14.216667°W / 65.033333; -14.216667 [3] السكان التعداد السكاني 5262 (1 يناير 2023)[4] معلومات أخرى ال…
Logo RTV Berikut ini adalah daftar penyiar RTV. Penyiar saat ini Khusus Program Lensa Indonesia Achmad Topan (mantan penyiar Kompas TV) Donny Hermatra (mantan penyiar MetroTV biro Jawa Barat dan SCTV) Ezra Hadyanto Felicia Wu Kenia Gusnaeni (mantan penyiar MetroTV, MNCTV dan BTV) Michael Tjandra (mantan penyiar RCTI) Oscar Haris (mantan penyiar MYTV) Pramadhika Samudera (mantan penyiar BTV) Retno Ayu Stephani Defirstta Tasya Syarief (mantan penyiar RCTI) Zacky Hussein (mantan penyiar NET., GTV, …