List of phytochemicals in food
The following is a list of phytochemicals present in commonly consumed foods .
orange pigments
α-Carotene – to vitamin A carrots, pumpkins , maize , tangerine , orange .
β-Carotene – to vitamin A dark, leafy greens , red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables .
γ-Carotene - to vitamin A,
δ-Carotene
ε-carotene
Lycopene Vietnam Gac , tomatoes , grapefruit , watermelon , guava , apricots , carrots , autumn olive .
Neurosporene
Phytofluene star fruit , sweet potato , orange .
Phytoene sweet potato , orange .
yellow pigments
Canthaxanthin paprika , mushrooms , crustaceans , fish and eggs .
β-Cryptoxanthin to vitamin A mango , tangerine , orange , papaya , peaches , avocado , pea , grapefruit , kiwi .
Zeaxanthin wolfberry , spinach , kale , turnip greens, maize , eggs , red pepper , pumpkin , orange .
Astaxanthin microalgae , yeast , krill , shrimp , salmon , lobsters , and some crabs .
Lutein spinach , turnip greens, romaine lettuce , eggs, red pepper, pumpkin , mango , papaya , oranges , kiwi , peaches , squash , brassicas , prunes , sweet potatoes , honeydew melon , rhubarb , plum , avocado , pear , cilantro .
Rubixanthin rose hip .
Saponins soybeans , beans , other legumes , maize , alfalfa .
Oleanolic acid American pokeweed , honey mesquite , garlic , java apple , cloves , and many other Syzygium species .
Ursolic acid apples , basil , bilberries , cranberries , elder flower , peppermint , lavender , oregano , thyme , hawthorn , prunes .
Betulinic acid Ber tree, white birch , winged beans , tropical carnivorous plants Triphyophyllum peltatum , Ancistrocladus heyneanus , Diospyros leucomelas a member of the persimmon family, Tetracera boiviniana , the jambul (Syzygium formosanum ), chaga (Inonotus obliquus ), and many other Syzygium species .
Moronic acid Rhus javanica (a sumac ), mistletoe
Limonene , oils of citrus , cherries , spearmint , dill , garlic , celery , maize , rosemary , ginger , basil .
Perillyl alcohol citrus oils, hops , caraway , mints .
Thujones , oils of Thyme , Oregano , Sage , Mugwort , Juniper
Phenolic compounds
red , blue , purple pigments
Flavonols
Quercetin red and yellow onions , tea , wine , apples , cranberries , buckwheat , beans , lovage .
Kaempferol tea , strawberries , gooseberries , cranberries , grapefruit , apples , peas , brassicates (broccoli , kale , brussels sprouts , cabbage ), chives , spinach , endive , leek , tomatoes .
Myricetin grapes , red wine , berries , walnuts .
Fisetin strawberries , cucumbers .
Rutin citrus fruits, oranges , lemons , limes , grapefruit , berries , peaches , apples , pagoda tree fruits, asparagus , buckwheat , parsley , tomatoes , apricots , rhubarb , tea .
Isorhamnetin red turnip , goldenrod , mustard leaf , ginkgo biloba , onion .
Flavanones
Flavones
Acacetin Robinia pseudoacacia , Turnera diffusa .
Apigenin chamomile , celery , parsley .
Chrysin Passiflora caerulea , Pleurotus ostreatus , Oroxylum indicum .
Diosmetin Vicia .
Tangeritin tangerine and other citrus peels .
Luteolin beets , artichokes , celery , carrots , celeriac , rutabaga , parsley , mint , chamomile , lemongrass , chrysanthemum .
Flavan-3-ols (flavanols)
Flavanonols
Anthocyanidins (flavonals) and Anthocyanins red wine, many red, purple or blue fruits and vegetables .
Pelargonidin bilberry , raspberry , strawberry .
Peonidin bilberry , blueberry , cherry , cranberry , peach .
Cyanidin red apple & pear , bilberry, blackberry , blueberry , cherry , cranberry , peach , plum , hawthorn , loganberry , cocoa .
Delphinidin bilberry , blueberry , eggplant .
Malvidin malve , bilberry , blueberry .
Petunidin
Phycocyanin spirulina .
Isoflavones (phytoestrogens ) use the 3-phenylchromen-4-one skeleton (with no hydroxyl group substitution on carbon at position 2) .
Daidzein (formononetin) soy , alfalfa sprouts, red clover , chickpeas , peanuts , kudzu , other legumes .
Genistein (biochanin A) soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover , chickpeas , peanuts , other legumes .
Glycitein soy .
Isoflavanes
Isoflavandiols
Isoflavenes
Pterocarpans or Coumestans (phytoestrogens )
Coumestrol red clover , alfalfa sprouts, soy, peas, brussels sprouts .
Phytoestrogens seeds (flax , sesame , pumpkin , sunflower , poppy ), whole grains (rye , oats , barley ), bran (wheat , oat, rye), fruits (particularly berries ) and vegetables .[2]
Matairesinol flax seed, sesame seed, rye bran and meal, oat bran , poppy seed , strawberries , blackcurrants , broccoli .
Secoisolariciresinol flax seeds, sunflower seeds , sesame seeds , pumpkin , strawberries , blueberries , cranberries , zucchini , blackcurrant, carrots .
Pinoresinol and lariciresinol [3] sesame seed, Brassica vegetables .
extracted from brown alga species (Ecklonia cava , Sargassum mcclurei ), sea oak (Eisenia bicyclis , Fucus vesiculosus ) .
extracted from Mongolian Oak (Quercus mongolica ) .
Salicylic acid peppermint , licorice , peanut , wheat .
Vanillin and Vanillic acid açaí oil , vanilla beans, cloves .
Gallic acid tea, mango , strawberries , rhubarb , soy .
Ellagic acid walnuts , strawberries , cranberries , blackberries , guava , grapes .
Tannic acid nettles , tea , berries .
Caffeic acid burdock , hawthorn , artichoke , pear , basil , thyme , oregano , apple , olive oil .
Chlorogenic acid echinacea , strawberries , pineapple , coffee , sunflower , blueberries .
Cinnamic acid cinnamon , aloe .
Ferulic acid oats , rice , artichoke , orange , pineapple , apple , peanut , açaí oil .
Coumarin citrus fruits, maize .
Others
Glucosinolates
Aglycone derivatives
Organosulfides/ Organosulfur compounds
Indole-3-carbinol cabbage , kale , brussels sprouts , rutabaga , mustard greens , broccoli .
3,3'-Diindolylmethane or DIM broccoli family, brussels sprouts , cabbage , kale .
Indole-3-acetic acid Commonly occurring plant hormone, a part of the auxin family.
Other organic acids
Saturated cyclic acids
Oxalic acid orange, spinach , rhubarb , tea and coffee , banana , ginger , almond , sweet potato , bell pepper .
Tartaric acid apricots , apples , sunflower , avocado , grapes , tamarind .
Anacardic acid cashews , mangoes .
Malic acid apples .
Caftaric acid grapes .
Coutaric acid grapes .
Fertaric acid
Protease inhibitors
See also
References