Philip of Antioch

Philip of Antioch (Armenian: Ֆիլիպ, French: Philippe; died 1225), also called Philip of Tripoli, was a member of the House of Poitiers who ruled as king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1222 to 1224 as the first husband of Queen Isabella.^[1]

A member of the House of Poitiers, Philip was one of the younger sons of Bohemond IV, a Norman who ruled the Principality of Antioch and the County of Tripoli, and his first wife, Plaisance of Gibelet from the Embriaco family.^[1][2]

Raymond-Roupen, Philip's first cousin who had waged the War of the Antiochene Succession with Philip's father for many years, also claimed the throne of Cilicia as the former heir designate of King Leo I. Upon his defeat and imprisonment by Constantine of Baberon, regent on behalf of Leo's daughter Isabella, the Armenians wanted to renew their alliance with Antioch. They requested that Bohemond IV send a husband to their young queen, and Bohemond offered Philip.^[3] Since Philip was Bohemond's fourth son, who could not be expected to inherit Antioch, the Armenians accepted. They made the union conditional upon Philip joining the Armenian Apostolic Church, to which Bohemond agreed.^[4]

Philip's marriage to Isabella was celebrated in June 1222. Before his coronation as king, Philip swore to uphold the rites of the Armenian Apostolic Church and Armenian customs.^[5]

Philip's victory over the attacking Seljuk Turks made a good initial impression upon his subjects.^[3] Their hopes that Philip would become a good Armenian, however, were frustrated, as he had "incorrigibly Latin tastes".^[4] Philip spent as much time as he could in Antioch,^[4] showed favoritism towards his French advisors,^[1] and refused to adhere to Armenian Apostolic rites.^[2] This instigated a revolt by the Armenians.^[1] In late 1224, Philip was arrested during a night journey to Antioch.^[4] He was accused of stealing the crown jewels of Cilicia and sending them to Antioch.^[2] He spent months imprisoned in the fortress of Partzerpert near Sis, the Cilician capital,^[2][4] while his father appealed to Constantine.^[2] The negotiations were in vain, and Philip was poisoned in prison in 1225.^[4] Bohemond planned to avenge his son's death, but was prevented when his allies, the Ayyubids, switched to the side of the Armenians.^[3]

• Burgtorf, Jochen (2016). "The Antiochene war of succession". In Boas, Adrian J. (ed.). The Crusader World. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 196–211. ISBN 978-0-415-82494-1.
• Riley-Smith, J. (1967). Knights of St.John in Jerusalem and Cyprus. Palgrave MacMillan.
• Runciman, Steven (1989). A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-06163-6.
• Stopka, Krzysztof (2016). Armenia Christiana: Armenian Religious Identity and the Churches of Constantinople and Rome (4th-15th century). Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press. ISBN 978-83-233-9555-3.
• Ghazarian, Jacob G. (2000). The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia During the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins, 1080-1393. Psychology Press. ISBN 0700714189.