Radasłaŭ Astroŭski

Radasłaŭ Astroŭski
Radasłaŭ Astroŭski
Радаслаў Астроўскі
Born	October 25, 1887; Zapolle, Klyetsk District [be], Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire
Died	October 17, 1976 (aged 88); Benton Harbor, Michigan, U.S.
Nationality	Belarusian and American
Occupation(s)	Nationalist political activist and political leader

Radasłaŭ Kazimiravič Astroŭski^[a] (25 October 1887 – 17 October 1976) was a Belarusian collaborator with Nazi Germany who served as president of the Belarusian Central Council, a puppet Belarusian administration under German hegemony from 1943–1944, and in exile from 1948-1976.

Early years

Radasłaŭ Astroŭski was born on 25 October 1887 in the town of Zapolle, Slutsk Uyezd, Minsk Governorate. He studied at the Slutsk gymnasium, but was expelled for participating in the Russian Revolution of 1905–1907. In 1908 he was accepted to the mathematical faculty of Saint Petersburg University. In 1911, he was arrested for taking part in revolutionary riots and was imprisoned at Saint Petersburg and Pskov. After his release in 1912, he re-entered the university and later transferred to the University of Tartu, from where he graduated with a degree in physics and mathematics.

After University, Astroŭski worked as a teacher in Częstochowa, Poland and in Minsk. From 1915 to 1917 he taught at the Minsk Teaching Institute. After the February Revolution he became the commissar of the Russian Provisional Government in Slutsk paviet. In September of the same year he founded the Slutsk Belarusian Gymnasium [be] and became its principal.

Astroŭski opposed the October Revolution. He was a delegate to the December 1917 First All-Belarusian Congress and published articles where he supported the idea of Belarusian independence. In 1918 Astroŭski was Education Minister in the government of the Belarusian Democratic Republic under Prime Minister Raman Skirmunt.^[1] He also took part in the 1920 Slutsk uprising against the Red Army.

Political activity in West Belarus

In 1921, he moved into West Belarus in the Second Polish Republic. He served as principal of the Belarusian Gymnasium of Vilnia from 1924 to 1936.^[1] In the second half of the 1920s, he radically changed his political views. In 1924 he initiated the creation of a Polish-Belarusian Society that supported the Polish government. After the breakdown of the Society, Astroŭski cooperated with the Belarusian Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) and with the Communist Party of West Belarus, and managed the illegal komsomol cell in his gymnasium.

In 1925 and 1926 he was the vice-chairman of the Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union,^[1] the chairman of the Belarusian School Society, and the principal of the Belarusian Cooperation Bank in Wilno, used to transfer finances to the BPWU.^[1] In 1926, Astroŭski joined the Communist Party of West Belarus and was arrested by the Polish police. However, during the trial against the Hramada he was found not guilty.

From 1928, he once again changed his political orientation and started to call for cooperation with Polish officials. For that he was condemned by many leaders of the Western Belarusian national movement. In the mid-1930s he published various works in Belarusian calendar books and in the "Rodny Kraj" newspaper, under the pseudonym "Era". In 1936 he had to leave Wilno and moved to Łódź.

Nazi collaborator

During the German occupation of Belarus, Astroŭski actively cooperated with Nazi officials. In 1941 he moved to Minsk and worked in civil administration. He also created Belarusian administrations in Bryansk, Smolensk and Mahilyow and spent certain time as a Bürgermeister in all of those cities.

In 1943, Radasłaŭ Astroŭski became the president of Belarusian Central Rada, a very limited national government, which the Nazis (who had begun to lose on the Eastern front) allowed to be created in order to gain some sympathy from the Belarusian population and therefore to be able to use them against the Soviet army. Although the Rada did not have much real power, it was allowed to manage certain civil issues.

Astroŭski was one of the main organisers of the Second All-Belarusian Congress [be] in 1944.

Astroŭski and his cohorts supported the annihilation of Jews, but had relatively minimal involvement in carrying out the mass murders.^[2]

Emigration

After the war, Astroŭski fled the Soviets and ended up in West Germany and lived in the Volksgartenstraße in Langenfeld, Rhineland.^[3] In 1956, he moved to the United States and lived in South River, New Jersey by way of Argentina. He actively participated in Belarusian national activism abroad, and was the main ideologist of the BCR as the legitimate Belarusian government in exile, thus not admitting such status for the main Belarusian People's Republic Council. Astroŭski became a member of the central committee of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations.^[4]

Astroŭski died on 17 October 1976 in Benton Harbor, Michigan.^[5] He is buried at the Saint Euphrosynia Belarus Orthodox Church Cemetery in South River, New Jersey.

Notes

^ Belarusian: Радаслаў Казіміравіч Астроўскі, romanized: Radaslaw Kazimiravich Astrowski; Polish: Radosław Ostrowski; Russian: Радослав Казимирович Островский, romanized: Radoslav Kazimirovich Ostrovsky

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hardzijenka, Aleh (2009). Беларускі Кангрэсовы Камітэт Амэрыкі (БККА) [The Belarusian Congress Committee of America (BCCA)] (in Belarusian). Smolensk: BINIM.
^ Efraim Zuroff: Occupation, Nazi-hunter: the continuing search for the perpetrators of the Holocaust. KTAV, 1994, p. 40.
^ "FRAN CLS WASH TRACES REQUESTED" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. 29 August 1952. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
^ "Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations". Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
^ "Grave inscription". Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2020.