SS Oronsay (1924)

	SS Oronsay in April 1940.
History
United Kingdom
Name	SS Oronsay
Owner	Orient Steam Navigation Company
Port of registry	United Kingdom
Builder	John Brown & Company, Clydebank
Launched	14 August 1924
Maiden voyage	7 February 1925
Fate	Torpedoed by the Italian submarine Archimede and sank off Liberia, 9 October 1942
General characteristics
Type	Ocean liner
Tonnage	20,043 gross
Length	659 ft (201 m)
Beam	75 ft (23 m)
Installed power	Steam turbine engine
Propulsion	2 screws
Speed	18 knots (33 km/h)
Capacity	1,836 passengers

For other ships called SS Oronsay, see List of ships named Oronsay

SS Oronsay was a British ocean liner and World War II troopship. She was sunk by an Italian submarine in 1942.

Pre-war career

Oronsay was built for the Orient Steam Navigation Company on Clydebank and was launched by Viscountess Novar in 1924.^[1] Her maiden voyage started on 7 February 1925 from London to Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. She continued on this route (extended to New Zealand once in 1938) until the outbreak of World War II.^[2] The Australian military contingent for the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth took passage to the UK on the Oronsay in 1937. Film of her voyage from Colombo to Gibraltar is held by the Cinema Museum in London (Ref HMO206)^[3]^[4]

Wartime service

Taken up from trade as a troopship, Oronsay took part in the Norwegian Campaign, including Operation Alphabet, the secret evacuation of Narvik on 7 June 1940.^[5] Almost immediately afterwards, she participated in Operation Aerial, the evacuation of British troops from western France. On 17 June 1940, she was anchored in the Loire Estuary, embarking troops being ferried out from St Nazaire in destroyers and small boats. During an air-raid, a German bomb landed on the ship's bridge, killing several people, destroying the chart, steering and wireless rooms and breaking the captain's leg.^[6] Taking on survivors from RMS Lancastria which had sunk nearby, Captain Norman Savage steered the ship home with the aid of a pocket compass, a sextant and a sketch map.^[7]

At the end of May 1940 Oronsay was involved with the evacuation of the families of Royal Navy personnel from Malta.^[8]

On 14 August 1940, she sailed from Liverpool bound for Halifax with 351 evacuated children under the Children's Overseas Reception Board scheme.

On 8 October 1940, Oronsay, while part of a convoy from the Clyde to Egypt carrying troops, was bombed and damaged by Focke-Wulf Fw 200 aircraft of I Staffel, Kampfgeschwader 40, Luftwaffe at a position 70 miles off Bloody Foreland, County Donegal Ireland.^[9]^[10] According to at least one eyewitness,^[9] no bombs actually hit the ship, but the engines were damaged by the blast and the rest of the convoy, with escort, sailed on. With the ship in a highly vulnerable state during a storm (which may, fortuitously, have been limiting U-boat activity in the area), the engines were restarted. Oronsay then made her way back to port without further incident, though casualties were reported.^[11]

On 9 October 1942, Oronsay was sailing unescorted in the Atlantic en route from Cape Town to the UK via Freetown. She was carrying 50 RAF personnel, 20 rescued British seamen, and 8 DEMS gunners, with a cargo of 1,200 tons of copper and 3,000 tons of oranges. When she was some 500 miles southwest of Freetown, she was torpedoed by the Italian submarine Archimede.^[12]^[13]^[a] As the boats were being lowered a second torpedo was launched, hitting one of the boats and killing five of those on it.^[14] In all six crew members were lost; the remainder got the ship's boats away as Oronsay sank.^[2] 321 of them were rescued by HMS Brilliant after 12 days.^[15] 26 survivors, including the ship's surgeon James McIlroy (the Antarctic explorer), were picked up by the Vichy French aviso Dumont d'Urville, and were interned at Dakar.^[16] Another notable survivor was Flight Lieutenant Archie Lamb, later a British diplomat, who wrote an account of the sinking in 2004.^[17] Captain Savage was later made Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for courage and seamanship during and after the sinking.^[14]

A 1:48 full-hull presentation model of the Oronsay is held by the South Australian Maritime Museum.^[18]

References

^ "Britain still builds the best ships". British Pathe.
^ ^a ^b "Ship Descriptions – O". theshipslist.com. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2010. The Ships List
^ "Cinema Museum Home Movie Database". Google Docs. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
^ "Australian Coronation Contingent, 7 May 1937 at Crowning of KGVI (England)". The Philatelic Database. 6 February 2018.
^ Rhys-Jones, Graham (2008), Churchill and the Norway Campaign 1940, Pen and Sword Military, ISBN 1844157539 (p. 187)
^ Fenby, Jonathan (2005), The Sinking of the Lancastria, Simon & Schuster UK Ltd, ISBN 0-7434-8943-8 (p.124)
^ Fenby p. 204
^ Vernon, Caroline (2011). Our Name Wasn't Written. Canberra, Australia: Stringybark Publishing. p. 28. ISBN 9780987092212.
^ ^a ^b Jackson, L. "The Bombing of the SS 'Oronsay', 1940". WW2 People's War. BBC.
^ Rohwer, Jürgen; Gerhard Hümmelchen. "Seekrieg 1940, Oktober". Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart (in German). Retrieved 16 March 2015.
^ "War Cabinet Weekly Résumé (No 58) 3–10 October 1940 (Catalogue Reference:cab/66/12/43)" (PDF). The National Archives.
^ Bertke, Donald A; Smith, Gordon; Kindell, Don (2014). World War II Sea War, Vol 7: The Allies Strike Back. Dayton OH: Bertke Publications. p. 170. ISBN 978-1937470111.
^ Tennent, Alan (2001). British and Commonwealth Merchant Ship Losses to Axis Submarines 1939-1945. Cheltenham: The History Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0750927604.
^ ^a ^b Hocking, Charles (1969),, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam, Lloyd's Register of Shipping (p. 530)
^ Researcher 242266. "The sinking of the troop ship SS Oronsay". WW2 People's War. BBC.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Mann, John F. (8 June 2023). "The Endurance Obituaries". enduranceobituaries.co.uk. UK. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
^ Lamb, Sir Archie (2004). The Last Voyage of the SS Oronsay – A Questionable Venture. Starbourne Books. ISBN 978-1899530182.
^ "Oronsay". Australia: SA Maritime Museum. Retrieved 24 September 2014.