Heterogyna

Heterogyna
Taxonomía
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Arthropoda
Clase: Insecta
Orden: Hymenoptera
Suborden: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Apoidea
Familia: Heterogynaidae
Género: Heterogyna
Nagy, 1969
Especies

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Los heteroginaidos (Heterogynaidae) son una pequeña familia de himenópteros apócrtios de dudosa clasificación (sólo se describen 8 especies en un solo género, Heterogyna). Son pequeñas avispas esfeciformes que se encuentran en Madagascar, Botsuana, y el este del mar Mediterráneo. Las hembras son típicamente braquípteras, y su biología es completamente desconocida.

Era considerada como un taxón hermano del resto de la superfamilia Apoidea. Pero ahora se lo considera relacionado con Crabronidae[1]​ o, más recientemente como un linaje de Bembicinae.[2]​

Especies

Referencias

  1. ↑ Branstetter, Michael G.; Danforth, Bryan N.; Pitts, James P.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Ward, Philip S.; Buffington, Matthew L.; Gates, Michael W.; Kula, Robert R. et al. (2017). «Phylogenomic Insights into the Evolution of Stinging Wasps and the Origins of Ants and Bees». Current Biology 27 (7): 1019-1025. PMID 28376325. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.027. 
  2. ↑ Manuela Sann, Oliver Niehuis, Ralph S. Peters, Christoph Mayer, Alexey Kozlov, Lars Podsiadlowski, Sarah Bank, Karen Meusemann, Bernhard Misof, Christoph Bleidorn and Michael Ohl (2018) Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18:71. doi 10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8
  • Goulet, H., Huber, J.T. (1993) Hymenoptera of the World. Agriculture Canada Research Branch, publication 1894/E. 668pp.
  • Bohart, R.M. & Menke, A. S. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World: a Generic Revision. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
  • Brothers D.J. 1999. Phylogeny and evolution of wasps, ants and bees (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Vespoidea and Apoidea). Zoologica Scripta 28: 233—250.
  • Day Michael C. 1983. The enigmatic genus Heterogyna Nagy (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae; Heterogyninae). Systematic Entomology. vol. 9 (3), pp. 293-307. [1] (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última).
  • Finnamore, A.T. & Michener, C.D. 1993. Superfamily Apoidea (pp. 279—357). In GOULET, H. & HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canadá, 668 pp.
  • Ohl, Michael; Bleidorn, Christoph. 2006. The phylogenetic position of the enigmatic wasp family Heterogynaidae based on molecular data, with description of a new, nocturnal species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Systematic Entomology, Vol. 31, Number 2, pp. 321—337. [2]

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