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SI-prefixum

A Mértékegységek Nemzetközi Rendszerében (SI) a prefixumokat, előtétszókat vagy előtagokat a nagyon nagy vagy nagyon kicsi mennyiségek rövid leírására használjuk, a könnyebb áttekinthetőség érdekében.

Hivatalos prefixumok

Hárommal osztható kitevők

A tíz hárommal osztható kitevőjű hatványainak rövidítésére használatosak leginkább:

Előtag Jele Szorzó
hatvánnyal számnévvel
kvetta-[1] Q 1030 kvintillió
ronna- R 1027 kvadrilliárd
jotta-[2] Y 1024 kvadrillió
zetta- Z 1021 trilliárd
exa- E 1018 trillió
peta- P 1015 billiárd
tera- T 1012 billió
giga- G 109 milliárd
mega- M 106 millió
kilo- k 103 ezer
– – 100 egy

Előtag Jele Szorzó
hatvánnyal számnévvel
– – 100 egy
milli- m 10−3 ezred
mikro- µ[3] 10−6 milliomod
nano- n 10−9 milliárdod
piko- p 10−12 billiomod
femto- f 10−15 billiárdod
atto- a 10−18 trilliomod
zepto- z 10−21 trilliárdod
jokto-[2] y 10−24 kvadrilliomod
ronto- r 10−27 kvadrilliárdod
kvekto-[1] q 10−30 kvintilliomod

Példák

Az ohmnak a mega prefixummal képezett többszöröse a megohm (nem pedig *megaohm).[4]

Hárommal nem osztható kitevők

Van néhány prefixum (előtag), amely nem hárommal osztható hatványkitevőjű. Habár indokolatlan esetekben nyelvileg szokatlannak tűnhet a forma (pl. hektogramm, dekaliter), fizikai szempontból ezek is bármelyik alapegységhez hozzáilleszthetők, a számítást azonban megnehezíthetik.

Előtag Jele Szorzó Használat
hekto- h 102 hl (hektoliter), hPa (hektopascal), hm (hektométer)
deka- da 101 dag (hétköznapi változat: dkg) (dekagramm)
deci- d 10−1 dl (deciliter), dm (deciméter), dg (decigramm)
centi- c 10−2 cl (centiliter), cm (centiméter), cg (centigramm)

Nem hivatalos prefixumok

További (javaslat szintjén megfogalmazott, nem hivatalos) prefixumok nagyon nagy és nagyon kicsi mennyiségek kifejezésére:

Előtag Jele Szorzó
yototta Ya 1048
zetotta Za 1045
exotta Ea 1042
petotta Pa 1039
terotta Ta 1036
gigotta Ga 1033
megotta Ma 1030
kilotta Ka 1027

Előtag Jele Szorzó
milocto mo 10−27
micocto mo 10−30
nanocto no 10−33
picocto po 10−36
femocto fo 10−39
attocto ao 10−42
zepocto zo 10−45
yocotto yo 10−48

Jegyzetek

  1. ↑ a b Összhangban az összes többi prefixumnak a Magyar fizikai helyesírási szótárban is szereplő, magyaros alakjával: jotta, hekto, deka, mikro, piko, jokto, valamint más nyelveknek szintén a saját írásmódjukhoz igazított formáival (pl. német Dezi, Zenti, Mikro, francia péta, téra, méga, déca, déci, olasz chilo, etto, portugál quilo stb.).
  2. ↑ a b Magyar fizikai helyesírási szótár. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Fizikai Tudományok Osztálya, 2018, 51. o.
  3. ↑ Írógépek és régebbi számítógépek nem képesek megjeleníteni a „µ” karaktert; ilyen esetekben a kinézetében hasonló „u” betűt szokás használni. (Pl. mikrométer: um)
  4. ↑ Dr. Fodor György: Mértékegység-lexikon. (magyarul) Lektor: Gabriel Győző, Szilágyi Miklós. Budapest: Műszaki Könyvkiadó. 1990. 164. o. ISBN 963-107-284-3 Hozzáférés: 2021. december 26.  

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