古代DNA

古代DNA（こだいDNA、Ancient DNA）は、古代の生物の標本から抽出されたDNAである[1][2]。遺伝情報は、化石、考�…

古代DNA（こだいDNA、Ancient DNA）は、古代の生物の標本から抽出されたDNAである[1][2]。遺伝情報は、化石、考古遺物、古人骨、ミイラ化した組織、凍結されていない医療標本のアーカイブコレクション、保存された植物の残骸、氷、永久凍土コア、海洋および湖の堆積物、発掘塵などから回収される。DNAの劣化プロセス（結合組み替え、脱アミノ化、断片化）によって、古代DNAは現生のDNAよりも分解が進んでいる[3]。最高の保存条件下でも、DNAのシークエンス技術に十分な量のDNAが残存する限界は0.4～1.5百万年である[4]。

脚注

  1. ^ Pevsner, Jonathan (2015). Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics (3rd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1118581780 
  2. ^ Jones, Martin (2016). Unlocking the Past: How Archaeologists Are Rewriting Human History with Ancient DNA. Arcade. ISBN 978-1628724479 
  3. ^ “The half-life of DNA in bone: measuring decay kinetics in 158 dated fossils”. Proceedings. Biological Sciences 279 (1748): 4724–33. (December 2012). doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1745. PMC 3497090. PMID 23055061. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3497090/. 
  4. ^ “Long-term persistence of bacterial DNA”. Current Biology 14 (1): R9-10. (January 2004). doi:10.1016/j.cub.2003.12.012. PMID 14711425. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(03)00923-0.pdf. 

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