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Argolidė

   Šiam straipsniui ar jo daliai trūksta išnašų į patikimus šaltinius.
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Šis straipsnis – apie istorinį Graikijos regioną. Apie dabartinį administracinį vienetą žiūrėkite Argolidės nomas
Graikijos istorinis regionas:
Argolidė (Ἀργολίς)
Šalis Graikija (Argolidė)
Tautos Dorėnai
Miestai Argas

Argolidė (gr. Αργολίδα), Argolis (senovės gr. Ἀργολίς) – istorinė Graikijos sritis Peloponeso pusiasalio rytinėje dalyje. Dabar egzistuoja to paties pavadinimo Argolidės nomas, kurio teritorija iš dalies atitinka senąją Argolidę.

Geografija

Argolidė buvo sritis Peloponeso rytuose, prisiglaudusi prie Argolidės įlankos. Iš vakarų ją uždarė Arkadijos aukštumos. Šiaurėje ji siekėsi su Korintija (ribos buvo neaiškios), o pietuose, per Parnono kalnus, – su Lakonija.

Istorija

II tūkst. pr. m. e. (Mikėnų laikotarpiu) svarbiausi regiono miestai buvo Mikėnai, Tirintas, Argas (nuo pastarojo regionas gavo pavadinimą pomikėniškuoju laikotarpiu). Argolidę valdė daugybė legendinių karalių, priklausiusiu Inachidų, Danaidų, Abantiadų dinastijoms. Homero laikais Argolidė buvo valdoma Agamemnono.

Archajiniu ir klasikiniu laikotarpiu Argolidė prarado savo svarbą. Atsisakę teikti karius persų karų metu, jie buvo užgožti aktyvesnių Graikijos regionų – Atikos, Lakonijos ir Korinto. Spartos vadovaujama Lakonija jau VIII a. atėmė iš Argolidės pietines pajūrio sritis.

Klasikiniu laikotarpiu kovų dėl hegemonijos metu, Argas visada palaikė Atėnų pusę.

146 m. pr. m. e. Argolidė, kaip ir kitos graikų teritorijos, atiteko Romos imperijai, vėliau čia valdė Bizantijos imperija. XII a. čia įsitvirtino Kryžiuočiai, vėliau – Venecijos respublika. 1463 m. užkariauta Osmanų. Francesco Morosini sugrąžino regioną Venecijai 1686 m., bet Osmanai jį atsiėmė 1715 m. 1821 m. Argolidė tapo nepriklausomos Graikijos dalimi.

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