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Estrogen

Estrogen
Kelas ubat
Estradiol, estrogen utama manusia serta ubat lazim.
Pengenal kelas
KegunaanKontraseptif, menopaus, hipogonadisme, terapi hormon, kanser prostat, kanser payudara dan lain-lain
Kod ATCG03C
Sasaran biologiReseptor estrogen (ERα, ERβ, mER (cth. GPER dll))
Pautan luar
MeSHD004967
Di Wikidata
Estriol. Perhatikan dua kelompok hidroksil (-OH) yang bersambung pada lingkaran D (lingkaran paling kanan).
Estradiol. Perhatikan satu kelompok hidroksil yang bersambung pada lingkaran D. 'di' ini memaksudkan hidroksil tersebut dan juga yang terdapat pada lingkaran A (paling kiri).
Estron. Perhatikan kelompok keton (=O) yang bersambung dengan lingkaran D.

Estrogen merupakan satu kelompok sebatian yang dinamai sempena kepentingannya dalam kitaran pembiakan haid mahupun estrus. Estrogen merupakan hormon seks betina utama. Estrogen semula jadi semestinya hormon steroid, sementara sesetengah estrogen sintetik (buatan) bukan steroid. Istilah estrogen datang dari bahasa Yunani iaitu terdiri daripada οἶστρος (oistros), yang bererti "langau" secara harfiah tetapi juga kata kiasan bagi keberahian atau nafsu seksual,[1] dan akhiran -gen, yang bermaksud "pengeluar".

Estrogen disintesiskan bagi semua vertebrat[2] dan juga sesetengah serangga.[3] Kehadirannya dalam vertebrata dan serangga membayangkan bahawa hormon seks estrogenik mempunyai sejarah evolusi yang purba.

Seperti semua hormon steroid, estrogen senang membaur ke seluruh membran sel. Setelah memasuki sel, estrogen mengikati dan menghidupkan reseptor estrogen yang natijahnya mengubah-ubah pernyataan kebanyakan gen.[4] Tambahan pula, estrogen pernah didapati menghidupkan suatu reseptor berganding protein G, iaitu GPR30.[5]

Rujukan

  1. ^ "Greek Word Study Tool: oistros". Perseus Digital Library. Dicapai pada 2011-12-28.
  2. ^ Ryan KJ (1982). "Biochemistry of aromatase: significance to female reproductive physiology". Cancer Res. 42 (8 Suppl): 3342s–3344s. PMID 7083198. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (bantuan)
  3. ^ Mechoulam R, Brueggemeier RW, Denlinger DL (2025). "Estrogens in insects" (PDF). Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 40 (9): 942–944. doi:10.1007/BF01946450. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2020-03-18. Dicapai pada 2014-01-04. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Whitehead SA, Nussey S (2001). Endocrinology: an integrated approach. Oxford: BIOS: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1-85996-252-1.
  5. ^ Prossnitz ER, Arterburn JB, Sklar LA (2007). "GPR30: A G protein-coupled receptor for estrogen". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 265–266: 138–42. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.12.010. PMC 1847610. PMID 17222505.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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