Islam di Afrika

Islam di Afrika (Arab: الإسلام في إفريقياcode: ar is deprecated ) merupakan agama kedua yang paling ramai mengaku di benua itu selepas Kristian. Afrika adalah benua pertama di mana Islam menular dari Asia Barat Daya, pada awal abad ke-7 M. Hampir satu pertiga daripada populasi Muslim dunia menetap di Afrika. Umat Islam menyeberangi Djibouti dan Somalia semasa untuk mencari perlindungan di Eritrea dan Habsyah masa kini semasa Hijrah (Arab: هِـجْـرَةcode: ar is deprecated , 'Migrasi') ke Kristian Kerajaan Aksum.^[1] Seperti sebahagian besar (90%) orang Islam di dunia, kebanyakan orang Muslim di Afrika juga adalah orang Islam Sunni;^[2] kerumitan Islam di Afrika didedahkan dalam pelbagai aliran pemikiran, tradisi dan suara di banyak negara Afrika. Banyak etnik Afrika, kebanyakannya di Afrika Utara, Barat, dan Timur menganggap Islam sebagai agama Tradisional mereka. Amalan Islam di benua itu tidak statik dan sentiasa dibentuk semula oleh keadaan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik yang berleluasa. Umumnya Islam di Afrika sering menyesuaikan diri dengan konteks kebudayaan Afrika dan sistem kepercayaan yang membentuk ortodoks Afrika sendiri.^[3]

Dianggarkan pada 2002 bahawa umat Islam merupakan 40% daripada populasi Afrika, sebahagian kecil yang telah berkurangan sedikit dalam pada itu disebabkan oleh kadar kelahiran yang tinggi di Afrika Sub-Sahara yang kebanyakannya Kristian.^[4] Islam ialah agama utama Afrika Utara, Tanduk Afrika, Sahel, Pantai Swahili, dan Afrika Barat, dengan populasi pendatang minoriti di Afrika Selatan.

Lihat juga

Senarai masjid di Afrika

Rujukan

^ Muslim Societies in African History (New Approaches to African History), David Robinson, Chapter 1.
^ "Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 9 Ogos 2012. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 Mei 2020. Dicapai pada 4 September 2013.
^ Robinson, David (2004). Muslim Societies in African History (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53366-9. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 Februari 2017. Dicapai pada 26 Februari 2021.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) ISBN 9780852299562 p.306
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. Ian S. Markham,(A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.) Diarkibkan 12 November 2010 di Wayback Machine is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total population. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the World Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here Diarkibkan 5 Mac 2016 di Wayback Machine, as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see: The List: The World’s Fastest-Growing Religions Diarkibkan 1 Mei 2008 di Wayback Machine, Foreign Policy, Mei 2007.

Bacaan lanjut

J. Spencer Trimingham, History of Islam in West Africa. Oxford University Press, 1962.
Nehemia Levtzion and Randall L. Pouwels (eds). The History of Islam in Africa. Ohio University Press, 2000.
David Robinson. Muslim Societies in African History. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Bruce S. Hall, A History of Race in Muslim West Africa, 1600-1960. Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 9781107002876.
Paul Schrijver (2006), Bibliography on Islam in contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa, Research Report, Leiden: African Studies Centre, ISBN 9789054480679 Templat:Free access. Updated online version
Chopra, R.M., "SUFISM" (Origin,Growth,Eclipse,Resurgence), 2016, Anuradha Prakashan, New Delhi. ISBN 978-93-85083-52-5.

Pautan luar

[1] Muslim Societies in African History (New Approaches to African History), David Robinson, Chapter 1.

[Pew-2] "Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 9 Ogos 2012. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 Mei 2020. Dicapai pada 4 September 2013.

[:0-3] Robinson, David (2004). Muslim Societies in African History (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53366-9. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 Februari 2017. Dicapai pada 26 Februari 2021.

[4] Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) ISBN 9780852299562 p.306
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. Ian S. Markham,(A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.) Diarkibkan 12 November 2010 di Wayback Machine is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total population. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the World Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here Diarkibkan 5 Mac 2016 di Wayback Machine, as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see: The List: The World’s Fastest-Growing Religions Diarkibkan 1 Mei 2008 di Wayback Machine, Foreign Policy, Mei 2007.

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