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Maoisme

Maoisme
Mao Zedong, yang ideologi itu dinamakan.
Tulisan Cina Ringkas毛泽东思想
Tulisan Cina Tradisional毛澤東思想
Templat ini ialah sebahagian daripada siri mengenai
Maoisme
Konsep asas
Maois Terkenal
Mao Zedong
Antarabangsa
Buku penting
Topik berkaitan

Maoisme, dikenali secara rasmi sebagai Fahaman Mao Zedong (Cina Tradisional: 毛澤東思想, Cina Ringkas: 毛泽东思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng Sīxiǎng), ialah satu bentuk Marxisme diterbitkan dari ajaran pemimpin China iaitu mendiang Mao Zedong (Wade-Giles: "Mao Tse-tung"), yang digunakan secara meluas sebagai ideologi panduan politik dan ketenteraan dalam Parti Komunis China (CPC) mulai kebangkitan Mao mengambil alih kepimpinan sehingga penerimaan Teori Deng Xiaoping dan pembaharuan ekonomi China pada tahun 1978. Maoisme juga digunakan di seluruh dunia pada zaman sekarang. Pertubuhan Maois wujud di Peru, India, dan terutama sekali, Nepal. Ajaran-ajaran asasnya merangkumi perjuangan revolusi majoriti besar rakyat bergelar Perang Rakyat yang melibatkan kaum petani, dan strategi ketenteraanya melibatkan taktik perang gerila yang tertumpu pada pengepungan dari kawasan desa oleh angkatan bersenjata rakyat bukan profesional.

Pada zaman pasca-revolusi, Fahaman Mao Zedong ditakrifkan dalam perlembagaan CPC sebagai "Marxisme-Leninisme yang digunakan dalam konteks China", disintesiskan oleh Mao Zedong dan pemimpin generasi pertama Republik Rakyat China. Fahaman ini menyediakan garis panduan teori serba lengkap terawal bagi CPC yang menyentuh cara-cara meneruskan revolusi sosialis, pembentukan masyarakat sosialis, pembinaan tentera sosialis, serta menekankan pelbagai percanggahan dalam masyarakat untuk diselesaikan melalui "pembinaan sosialis". Ideologi ini kini masih wujud pada nama dalam Perlembagaan Parti Komunis; iaitu dihuraikan sebagai fahaman yang memandu pembentukan "China baru" dan konsep revolusi menentang imperialisme dan feudalisme.[1]

Maoisme secara amnya meragui rangka sosialis Kesatuan Soviet di bawah Nikita Khrushchev yang disangka berbentuk revisionisme Komunis. Mengikut tradisi, kebanyakan pengikut Maoisme menganggap Joseph Stalin sebagai pemimpin sosialis sejati yang terakhir di Kesatuan Soviet, namun penilaian Maois mengenai Stalin berbagai-bagai, sama ada amat positif atau bercampur-campur.[2]

Rujukan

  1. ^ Xinhua: Constitution of the Communist Party of China
  2. ^ Graham Young On Socialist Development and the Two Roads The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, No. 8 (Jul., 1982), pp. 75-84 doi:10.2307/2158927

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