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Negroïde is een verouderde indeling van mensen op basis van een 'menselijk ras', gebaseerd op de pseudowetenschap van de 'rassenleer' (wetenschappelijk racisme); in die leer ging het om een reeks van donkerhuidige Afrikaanse, Aziatische (zoals de Onge) en Oceanische bevolkingen, die het grootste gedeelte van het Afrikaanse continent (Sub-Saharisch Afrika) en het Oceanische Melanesië bewonen. Biologisch gezien bestaan er naar hedendaagse wetenschappelijke inzichten binnen de soort Homo sapiens echter geen rassen.^[1]^[2]^[3]

De Encyclopædia Britannica van 1911 beschrijft de lichamelijke kenmerken van negroïde mensen onder meer als: een brede, vlakke neus, kroeshaar en een donker-gepigmenteerde huid, vaak met een zware, langwerpige schedel met ronde oogkassen.^[4]

Het negroïde ras behoorde volgens de antropologische wetenschap tot de drie grote rassen, naast het kaukasische en het mongoolse ras. De term is afgeleid van negro dat zwart betekent in het Spaans en Portugees, wat weer afgeleid is van het Latijnse niger.

De term werd, samen met andere, gebruikt om mensen in groepen in te delen op basis van uiterlijke kenmerken.

De termen negroid en negro worden in het Engels betwist vanwege de verbintenis met racisme.^[5] Vanwege negatieve connotaties wordt in Angelsaksisch onderzoek het woord africoid gebruikt, en af en toe congoloid.^[6] De term negroïde wordt als classificatie nog gebruikt in de medische wereld en de forensische antropologie.^[bron?] Voor donkere oceanische volkeren zoals de melanesische volkeren wordt ook de term melanoïde gebruikt.^[bron?]

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Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

↑ Keita, S O Y, Kittles, Royal, Bonney, Furbert-Harris, Dunston, Rotimi (2004). Conceptualizing human variation. Nature 36 (11s): S17–S20. PMID 15507998. DOI: 10.1038/ng1455. “Modern human biological variation is not structured into phylogenetic subspecies ('races'), nor are the taxa of the standard anthropological 'racial' classifications breeding populations. The 'racial taxa' do not meet the phylogenetic criteria. 'Race' denotes socially constructed units as a function of the incorrect usage of the term.”.
↑ Harrison, Guy (2010). Race and Reality. Prometheus Books, Amherst "Race is a poor empirical description of the patterns of difference that we encounter within our species. The billions of humans alive today simply do not fit into neat and tidy biological boxes called races. Science has proven this conclusively. The concept of race (...) is not scientific and goes against what is known about our ever-changing and complex biological diversity."
↑ Roberts, Dorothy (2011). Fatal Invention. The New Press, London, New York "The genetic differences that exist among populations are characterized by gradual changes across geographic regions, not sharp, categorical distinctions. Groups of people across the globe have varying frequencies of polymorphic genes, which are genes with any of several differing nucleotide sequences. There is no such thing as a set of genes that belongs exclusively to one group and not to another. The clinal, gradually changing nature of geographic genetic difference is complicated further by the migration and mixing that human groups have engaged in since prehistory. Human beings do not fit the zoological definition of race. A mountain of evidence assembled by historians, anthropologists, and biologists proves that race is not and cannot be a natural division of human beings."
↑ Negro in de Encyclopædia Britannica op Wikisource
↑ Agyemang, Charles, Raj Bhopal, Marc Bruijnzeels (2005). Negro, Black, Black African, African Caribbean, African American or what? Labelling African origin populations in the health arena in the 21st century. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 59 (12): 1014–1018. PMID 16286485. PMC 1732973. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2005.035964. Geraadpleegd op 6 november 2007.
↑ Molnar, Stephen (2006). Human Variation: Races, Types, and Ethnic Groups. Pearson Prentice Hall, pp. 4. ISBN 0131927655.

[Keita2-1] Keita, S O Y, Kittles, Royal, Bonney, Furbert-Harris, Dunston, Rotimi (2004). Conceptualizing human variation. Nature 36 (11s): S17–S20. PMID 15507998. DOI: 10.1038/ng1455. “Modern human biological variation is not structured into phylogenetic subspecies ('races'), nor are the taxa of the standard anthropological 'racial' classifications breeding populations. The 'racial taxa' do not meet the phylogenetic criteria. 'Race' denotes socially constructed units as a function of the incorrect usage of the term.”.

[harrison1-2] Harrison, Guy (2010). Race and Reality. Prometheus Books, Amherst "Race is a poor empirical description of the patterns of difference that we encounter within our species. The billions of humans alive today simply do not fit into neat and tidy biological boxes called races. Science has proven this conclusively. The concept of race (...) is not scientific and goes against what is known about our ever-changing and complex biological diversity."

[roberts1-3] Roberts, Dorothy (2011). Fatal Invention. The New Press, London, New York "The genetic differences that exist among populations are characterized by gradual changes across geographic regions, not sharp, categorical distinctions. Groups of people across the globe have varying frequencies of polymorphic genes, which are genes with any of several differing nucleotide sequences. There is no such thing as a set of genes that belongs exclusively to one group and not to another. The clinal, gradually changing nature of geographic genetic difference is complicated further by the migration and mixing that human groups have engaged in since prehistory. Human beings do not fit the zoological definition of race. A mountain of evidence assembled by historians, anthropologists, and biologists proves that race is not and cannot be a natural division of human beings."

[4] Negro in de Encyclopædia Britannica op Wikisource

[5] Agyemang, Charles, Raj Bhopal, Marc Bruijnzeels (2005). Negro, Black, Black African, African Caribbean, African American or what? Labelling African origin populations in the health arena in the 21st century. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 59 (12): 1014–1018. PMID 16286485. PMC 1732973. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2005.035964. Geraadpleegd op 6 november 2007.

[Molnar-6] Molnar, Stephen (2006). Human Variation: Races, Types, and Ethnic Groups. Pearson Prentice Hall, pp. 4. ISBN 0131927655.

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Negroïde

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