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Fysisk konstant

I naturvitenskapen er en fysisk konstant en størrelse hvis numeriske verdi ikke endres. En fysisk konstant kan være avledet fra en fysisk lov, eller den kan være en fundamental naturkonstant som må bestemmes ved måling.

Tabell med universelle konstanter

Størrelse Symbol Verdi Relativt standardavvik
karakteristisk impedans i vakuum 376,730 313 461... Ω definert
elektrisk konstant (permittivitet i vakuum) 8,854 187 817... × 10-12F·m-1 definert
magnetisk konstant (permeabilitet i vakuum) 4π × 10-7 N·A-2 = 1,2566 370 614... × 10-6 N·A-2 definert
Newtons gravitasjonskonstant 6,6742(10) × 10-11m³·kg-1·s-2 1,5 × 10-4
Plancks konstant 6,626 0693(11) × 10-34 J·s 1.7 × 10-7
Diracs konstant 1,054 571 68(18) × 10-34 J·s 1.7 × 10-7
Lysets hastighet i vakuum 299 792 458 m·s-1 definert
Elementærladning 1,602 176 53 x 10-19 C 8,5 x 10-8

Tabell med elektromagnetiske konstanter

Størrelse Symbol Verdi1 (SI-enheter) Relativt standardavvik
Bohrmagneton 927,400 949(80) × 10-26 J·T-1 8,6 × 10-8
elektrisk ledningskvant 7,748 091 733(26) × 10-5 S 3,3 × 10-9
Coulombs konstant 8,987 742 438 × 109 N·m²C-2 definert
Josephsons konstant 483 597,879(41) × 109 Hz· V-1 8,5 × 10-8
Magnetisk flukskvant 2,067 833 72(18) × 10-15 Wb 8,5 × 10-8
Nukleært magneton 5,050 783 43(43) × 10-27 J·T-1 8,6 × 10-8
elektrisk motstandskvant 12 906,403 725(43) Ω 3,3 × 10-9
von Klitzings konstant 25 812,807 449(86) Ω 3,3 × 10-9

Tabell med atomiske og nukleære konstanter

Størrelse Symbol Verdi1 (SI-enheter) Relativt standardavvik
Bohr-radius 0,529 177 2108(18) × 10-10 m 3,3 × 10-9
Fermis koplingskonstant 1,166 39(1) × 10-5 GeV-2 8,6 × 10-6
Finstrukturkonstanten 7,297 352 568(24) × 10-3 3,3 × 10-9
Hartrees energi 4,359 744 17(75) × 10-18 J 1.7 × 10-7
Sirkulasjonskvant 3,636 947 550(24) × 10-4 m² s-1 6,7 × 10-9
Rydberg-konstanten 10 973 731,568 525(73) m-1 6,6 × 10-12
Thomsons spredningstverrsnitt 0,665 245 873(13) × 10-28 2.0 × 10-8
Svak blandingsvinkel 0,222 15(76) 3,4 × 10-3

Tabell med fysisk-kjemiske konstanter

Størrelse Symbol Verdi1 (SI-enheter) Relativt standardavvik
atommasseenhet 1,660 538 86(28) × 10-27 kg 1,7 × 10-7
Avogadros tall 6,022 1415(10) × 1023 1,7 × 10-7
Boltzmanns konstant 1,380 6505(24) × 10-23 J·K-1 1,8 × 10-6
Faradays konstant 96 485,3383(83)C·mol-1 8,6 × 10-8
Først strålingskonstant 3,741 771 38(64) × 10-16 W·m² 1,7 × 10-7
for spektral radians 1,191 042 82(20) × 10-16 W · m² sr-1 1,7 × 10-7
Loschmidts konstant ved =273,15 K og =101,325 kPa 2,686 7773(47) × 1025 m-3 1,8 × 10-6
gasskonstant 8,314 472(15) J·K-1·mol-1 1,7 × 10-6
molar Plancks konstant 3,990 312 716(27) × 10-10 J · s · mol-1 6,7 × 10-9
molært volum for en ideell gass ved =273,15 K og =100 kPa 22,710 981(40) × 10-3 m³ ·mol-1 1,7 × 10-6
ved =273,15 K and =101,325 kPa 22,413 996(39) × 10-3 m³ ·mol-1 1,7 × 10-6
Sackur-Tetrodes konstant ved =1 K og =100 kPa
-1,151 7047(44) 3,8 × 10-6
ved =1 K og =101,325 kPa -1,164 8677(44) 3,8 × 10-6
Andre strålingskonstant 1,438 7752(25) × 10-2 m·K 1.7 × 10-6
Stefan-Boltzmanns konstant 5,670 400(40) × 10-8 W·m-2·K-4 7,0 × 10-6
Wiens forskyvningslovkonstant 4,965 114 231... 2,897 7685(51) × 10-3 m · K 1,7 × 10-6

Fotnoter

1Verdiene er oppgitt i såkalt konsis form. Tallet i parentes er standardavviket, som er verdien multiplisert med relativt standardavvik.
2Dette er dette er den internasjonalt brukte verdien for volt funnet ved Josephson-effekten.
3Dette er den internasjonalt brukte verdien for ohm funnet ved Kvante-Hall-effekten.

Litteratur

Eksterne lenker

  • CODATA Recommendations – 2002 CODATA Internationally recommended values of the Fundamental Physical Constants

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