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Leczenie eksperymentalne COVID-19

Leczenie eksperymentalne COVID-19 – strategie terapeutyczne mające na celu znalezienie leków skutecznych w zwalczaniu choroby COVID-19.

W związku z pandemią COVID-19 w 2020 r. w wielu ośrodkach na świecie rozpoczęto intensywne poszukiwania leków mających zastosowanie w leczeniu COVID-19[1]. Do analizowanych terapii zaliczają się procedury z wykorzystaniem leków przeciwwirusowych, przeciwciał monoklonalnych, peptydów, oligonukleotydów, interferonów, a także szczepionki. W celu jak najszybszego wprowadzenia leków na COVID-19 badane są możliwości wykorzystania istniejących leków mających dotychczas inne zastosowania. Można do nich zaliczyć m.in. leki przeciw wirusom HIV, HBV, HCV, grypy oraz inne, oparte na doświadczeniu w leczeniu infekcji wywołanych przez koronawirusy, takich jak SARS i MERS[1][2][3].

Amantadyna

Badania kliniczne nad skutecznością amantadyny w Polsce rozpoczęto w kwietniu 2021 w którym uczestniczą między innymi Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie[4] i Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach[5]. Przeprowadzone badania nie wykazały skuteczności amantadyny w leczeniu COVID-19[6]

Lista leków eksperymentalnych stosowanych w leczeniu COVID-19
Lek Lokalizacja badania
Remdesiwir Hubei, Chiny[7]

Pekin, Chiny[8]

międzynarodowe[9]

inne[10][11]

Hiszpania[12][13]

Tocilizumab Anhui, Chiny[14]

Shaanxi, Chiny[15]

Wielka Brytania, inne[16][17][18]

Lopinawir + rytonawir Wuhan, Chiny[19][7][20]

Guangdong, Chiny[8][21]

Hongkong[10]

Uniwersytet Zhejiang, Chiny[11]

Jiangxi, Chiny[22][23]

Chongqing, Chiny[24][25]

Hubei, Chiny[26][27]

różne miasta[28][29]

Syczuan, Chiny[30]

Zhejiang, Chiny[31]

Zhuhai, Chiny[32]

Lopinawir Zhejiang, Chiny[33]
ASC09 + rytonawir Uniwersytet Zhejiang, Chiny[11]; Chongqing, Chiny[25]
Danoprewir + rytonawir Jiangxi, Chiny[22]
Fawipirawir Zhejiang, Chiny[31]

Guangdong, Chiny[34][35]

Pekin, Chiny[36]

Wuhan, Chiny[37]

Fawipirawir + bromoheksyna Zhejiang, Chiny[38]
Rybawiryna Hong kong[10]Chongqing, Chiny[24]
Umifenowir Chongqing, Chiny[25]

różne miasta, Chiny[28]

Tongji, Chiny[39]

Szanghaj, Chiny[40]

Zhejiang, Chiny[33]

Szanghaj, Chiny[41][42]

Hubei, Chiny[43][44]

Ruijin, Chiny[42]

Komórki macierzyste Hubei, Chiny[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]

Pekin, Chiny[53]

Zhejiang, Chiny[54]

Chiny[55][56][57]

Guangdong, Chiny[58][59][60][61]

Pekin, Hubei, Szanghaj, Chiny[62]

Pekin, Chiny[63]

Jiangxi, Chiny[64]

nieznana[65]

Darunawir + kobicystat Szanghaj, Chiny[66]

Hubei, Chiny[67]

Azwudyna Henan, Chiny[68][69][70]
Triazawiryna Heilongjiang, Chiny[71]
Emtrycytabina Syczuan, Chiny[30]
Marboksyl baloksawiru Zhejiang, Chiny[31]

Guangdong, Chiny[34]

Alafenamid tenofowiru Syczuan, Chiny[30]
Nowaferon Jiangxi, Chiny[22]Zhejiang, Chiny[33]
Peginterferon alfa-2a Jiangxi, Chiny[22]
Interferon beta-1b Hong kong[10]
Interferon alfa-1b Chongqing, Chiny[24]Tongji, Chiny[72]

Hubei, Chiny[73]

Interferon Syczuan, Chiny[74]

Hunan, Chiny[75]

Szanghaj, Chiny[76]

Tradycyjne leki chińskie Jiangxi, Chiny[22]
Chlorochina różne miasta, Chiny[28]

Szanghaj, Chiny[77] Guangdong, Chiny[78][21][79]

Hubei, Chiny[80]

Zhunghai, Chiny[32]

Hubei, Chiny[81][82][83]

Chongqing, Chiny[84][85]różne miasta, Chiny[86][87][88]

Jilin, Chiny[89]

Heilongjiang, Chiny[90]

Hydroksychlorochina różne miasta, Chiny[86][87][88]

Hubei, Chiny[83][44]

Francja[91]

Karrimycyna różne miasta, Chiny[28][92]
Oseltamiwir Tongji, Chiny[93]
Przeciwciała Chiny[94]
Immunoglobuliny Tongji, Chiny[95]

Hubei, Chiny[96]

Metyloprednizolon Pekin, Chiny[97]

Tongji, Chiny[98]

Hubei, Chiny[99][100]

Chongqing, Chiny[101]

Dezaktywowane osocze przeciw wirusowi SARS-CoV-2 Hubei, Chiny[102][103][104][105]
Osocze pobrane od rekonwalescentów Zhejiang, Chiny[106]

Jiangsu, Chiny[107]

Meplazumab Shaanxi, Chiny[108]
Bewacyzumab Shandong, Chiny[109]
Ekulizumab USA[110]
Adalimumab Szanghaj, Chiny[111]
vMIP Hubei, China[112]
Komórki NK Henan, Chiny[113]
Cytokiny Shaanxi, Chiny[114]
Makrofagi Chiny[115]
Tymozyna Chiny[94][116]
Fingolimod Fuzhou, Chiny[117]
Pirfenidon Hubei, Chiny[118][118]
Kwas poliinozyno-policytydylowy (pIC) Zhejiang, Chiny[119]
Leflunomid Hubei, Chiny[120], USA[121]
Dihydroartemizynina/piperachin Jiangxi, Chiny[122]
Tlenek azotu Chiny[123][124]
Ciągłe pozaustrojowe natlenianie krwi Chiny[125]
Talidomid Chiny[126][127]
Amantadyna Polska[128]
Dipirydamol Chiny[129]
Acetylocysteina Hubei, Chiny[130]
Zasadowy cytrynian bizmutawy Wuhan, Chiny[131]

Zobacz też

Przypisy

  1. ↑ a b Guangdi Li, Erik De Clercq, Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), „Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery”, 19 (3), 2020, s. 149–150, DOI: 10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0, PMID: 32127666 (ang.).
  2. ↑ Charlotte Harrison, Coronavirus puts drug repurposing on the fast track, „Nature Biotechnology”, 2020, DOI: 10.1038/d41587-020-00003-1 (ang.).
  3. ↑ Repurposed drugs may help scientists fight the new coronavirus [online], Science News, 10 marca 2020 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  4. ↑ Więcławski Tomasz: Tomasz Więcławski Prof. Zajkowska: nie dysponujemy badaniami potwierdzającymi skuteczność amantadyny w leczeniu COVID-19. PAP, 02.09.2021. [dostęp 2021-09-25].
  5. ↑ ClinicalTrials.gov: Efficacy of Amantadine Treatment in COVID-19 Patients (TITAN). 2021-07-07. [dostęp 2021-09-25].
  6. ↑ Ministerstwo Zdrowia rezygnuje z badań nad amantadyną [online], Onet.pl, 11 lutego 2022 [dostęp 2022-02-18] (pol.).
  7. ↑ a b Bin Cao, Yeming Wang, Mild/Moderate 2019-nCoV Remdesivir RCT, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04252664 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  8. ↑ a b Bin Cao, Severe 2019-nCoV Remdesivir RCT, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04257656 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  9. ↑ John Herbert Beigel, Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04280705 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  10. ↑ a b c d A Phase 3 Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir (GS-5734™) in Participants With Moderate COVID-19 Compared to Standard of Care Treatment [online], Gilead Sciences, fdaaa.trialstracker.net, NCT04292730 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  11. ↑ a b c A Phase 3 Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir (GS-5734™) in Participants With Severe COVID-19 [online], Gilead Sciences, fdaaa.trialstracker.net, NCT04292899 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  12. ↑ A Phase 3 Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir (GS-5734™) in Participants with Moderate COVID-19 Compared to Standard of Care Treatment. EudraCT Number: 2020-000842-32, www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu, dostęp 2020-15-03.
  13. ↑ A Phase 3 Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir (GS-5734™) in Participants with Severe COVID-19 EudraCT Number: 2020-000841-15, www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu, dostęp 2020-15-03.
  14. ↑ A multicenter, randomized controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in the treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029765 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  15. ↑ Cancelled by the investigator Combination of Tocilizumab, IVIG and CRRT in severe patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030442 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  16. ↑ Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19 – Preliminary report, London, UK: Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19 – Preliminary report, 9 stycznia 2021 [dostęp 2021-01-10].
  17. ↑ Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19 – Preliminary report, Londyn, UK: Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19 – Preliminary report, 9 stycznia 2021 [dostęp 2021-01-10].
  18. ↑ Roche’s Actemra, Regeneron’s Kevzara win U.K.'s favor in COVID-19 after study shows 24% drop in death risk, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA: Questex LLC, 8 stycznia 2021 [dostęp 2021-01-10].
  19. ↑ Qing Ning, Meifang Han, A Prospective/Retrospective,Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Antiviral Therapy in the 2019-nCoV Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04255017 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  20. ↑ Zhang Dingyu, A randomized, controlled open-label trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lopinavir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029308 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  21. ↑ a b A prospective, open-label, multiple-center study for the efficacy of chloroquine phosphate in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029609 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  22. ↑ a b c d e Hongyi Chen, Zhicheng Zhang, Evaluation of Ganovo （Danoprevir ） Combined With Ritonavir in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Infection, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04291729 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  23. ↑ Xie Liangdong, Study of Pinavir / Ritonavir Tablets (Trade Name: Kelizhi) Combined with Xiyanping Injection for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030218 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  24. ↑ a b c 2019-nCoV Community Effort – Targeting 2019-nCoV Portal [online], ghddi-ailab.github.io, ChiCTR2000029387 [dostęp 2020-03-14] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2020-03-06].
  25. ↑ a b c Peng Hu, Retracted due to lack of patient A multicenter, randomized, open label, controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of ASC09/ Ritonavir compound tablets and Lopinavir/ Ritonavir (Kaletra) and Arbidol tablets in the treatm [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029759 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  26. ↑ Jianping Zhao, A randomized, open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in patients with mild novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029539 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  27. ↑ Zhijian Luo, Wei Xiao, Clinical study for Lopinavir and Ritonavir in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], apps.who.int, ChiCTR2000030187 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  28. ↑ a b c d Huiguo Ding, Ying Han, The Clinical Study of Carrimycin on Treatment Patients With COVID-19, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04286503 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  29. ↑ 新型コロナに対する臨床試験を全調査、ゾフルーザやアビガンの成分活用：日経バイオテクONLINE [online], bio.nikkeibp.co.jp, ChiCTR2000029468, ChiCTR2000029387, ChiCTR2000029386 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  30. ↑ a b c Ting Li, Hua Jiang, A real-world study for lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and emtritabine (FTC) / Tenofovir alafenamide Fumarate tablets (TAF) regimen in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], apps.who.int, ChiCTR2000029468 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  31. ↑ a b c Jianzhong Shentu, Qiu Yunqing, Randomized, open-label, controlled trial for evaluating of the efficacy and safety of Baloxavir Marboxil, Favipiravir, and Lopinavir-Ritonavir in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patients [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029548 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  32. ↑ a b Efficacy of Chloroquine and Lopinavir/ Ritonavir in mild/general novel coronavirus (CoVID-19) infections: a prospective, open-label, multicenter randomized controlled clinical study [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029741 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  33. ↑ a b c A multicenter, randomized, open, controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant cytokine gene-derived protein injection in combination with standard therapy in patients with novel coronavirus infection [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029573 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  34. ↑ a b A randomized controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of Baloxavir Marboxil, Favipiravir tablets in novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patients who are still positive on virus detection under the current antiviral therapy [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029544 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  35. ↑ Randomized controlled trial for safety and efficacy of Favipiravir in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) with poorly responsive ritonavir/ritonavir [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030113 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  36. ↑ A randomized, open-label, controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of Farpiravir Tablets in the treatment of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029996 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  37. ↑ A randomized, open-controlled trial for farpiravir tablets in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030254 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  38. ↑ Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Bromhexine Hydrochloride Tablets Combined With Standard Treatment/ Standard Treatment in Patients With Suspected and Mild Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19), [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04273763 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  39. ↑ A Prospective/Retrospective,Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Interferon Atomization in the 2019-nCoV Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04254874 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  40. ↑ Clinical study of arbidol hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029621 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  41. ↑ Clinical Study of Arbidol Hydrochloride Tablets in the Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by Novel Coronavirus, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04260594 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  42. ↑ a b Clinical Study of Arbidol Hydrochloride Tablets in the Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by Novel Coronavirus, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04260594 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  43. ↑ Study for Arbidol Hydrochloride in the Prophylaxis of Novel Coronavirus Infection in High-risk Population with History of Exposed to COVID-19 pneumonia [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029592 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  44. ↑ a b A prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel controlled clinical study to evaluate the preventive effect of hydroxychloroquine on medical personnel after exposure to novel coronavirus (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029803 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  45. ↑ Treatment With Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19), [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04288102 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  46. ↑ Therapy for Pneumonia Patients iInfected by 2019 Novel Coronavirus, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04293692 (ang.).
  47. ↑ Study of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Severe Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04273646 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  48. ↑ Safety and efficacy of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells conditioned medium in the treatment of severe and critically novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): a randomized controlled tria [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029569 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  49. ↑ Safety and efficacy of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells in the treatment of severe and critically novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19): a randomized controlled clinical trial [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029572 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  50. ↑ Umbilical Cord(UC)-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells(MSCs) Treatment for the 2019-novel Coronavirus(nCOV) Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04269525 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  51. ↑ Clinical study of mesenchymal stem cells in treating severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030224 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  52. ↑ Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) in the treatment of high risk novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patients [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030300 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  53. ↑ Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment for Pneumonia Patients Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04252118 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  54. ↑ Clinical Study for Human Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cells in the Treatment of Acute Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029606 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  55. ↑ A Pilot Clinical Study on Inhalation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exosomes Treating Severe Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04276987 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  56. ↑ Clinical Trial for Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030138 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  57. ↑ Novel Coronavirus Induced Severe Pneumonia Treated by Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04302519 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  58. ↑ Clinical Study for Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells in the Treatment of Acute Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029812 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  59. ↑ Clinical Study for Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Acute Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029816 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  60. ↑ Clinical Study of Cord Blood NK Cells Combined with Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Acute Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029817 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  61. ↑ Clinical Study for Umbilical Cord Blood Plasma in the Treatment of Acute Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029818 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  62. ↑ Clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of pneumonitis caused by novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029990 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  63. ↑ Umbilical cord Wharton’s Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030088 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  64. ↑ Safety and effectiveness of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome of severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030116 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  65. ↑ Clinical Application of Stem Cell Educator Therapy for the Treatment of Viral Inflammation Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [online], fdaaa.trialstracker.net, NCT04299152 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  66. ↑ Efficacy and Safety of Darunavir and Cobicistat for Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by 2019-nCoV, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04252274 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  67. ↑ A randomised, open, controlled trial for darunavir/cobicistat or Lopinavir/ritonavir combined with thymosin a1 in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029541 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  68. ↑ A randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial for azvudine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029853 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  69. ↑ A single-center, single-arm clinical trial for azvudine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030424 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  70. ↑ A single-arm, single-center clinical trial for Azivudine tablets in the treatment of adult novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030041 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  71. ↑ The efficacy and safety of Triazavirin for 2019 novel coronary pneumonia (COVID-19): a multicenter, randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled trial [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030001 [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  72. ↑ Efficacy and Safety of IFN-α2β in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Patients, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04293887 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  73. ↑ A prospective clinical study for recombinant human interferon alpha 1b spray in the prevention of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in highly exposed medical staffs. [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030013 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  74. ↑ Multicenter randomized controlled trial for novel recombinant high-efficiency compound interferon in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029638 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  75. ↑ A randomized, open label, parallel controlled trial for evaluating the efficacy of recombinant cytokine gene-derived protein injection in eliminating novel coronavirus in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029496 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  76. ↑ Clinical study for combination of anti-viral drugs and type I interferon and inflammation inhibitor TFF2 in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030262 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  77. ↑ Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by 2019-nCoV (HC-nCoV), [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04261517 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  78. ↑ Study for the efficacy of chloroquine in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029542 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  79. ↑ A randomized, double-blind, parallel, controlled trial for comparison of phosphoric chloroquine combined with standard therapy and standard therapy in mild/common patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030031 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  80. ↑ Therapeutic effect of hydroxychloroquine on novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029559 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  81. ↑ Efficacy of therapeutic effects of hydroxycholoroquine in novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patients（randomized open-label control clinical trial） [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029740 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  82. ↑ Clinical Study of Chloroquine Phosphate in the Treatment of Severe Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029988 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  83. ↑ a b A prospective, open label, randomized, control trial for chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in patients with mild and common novel coronavirus pulmonary (COVIP-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030054 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  84. ↑ A randomized, open-label, controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets in the treatment of patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029762 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  85. ↑ Clinical study on the safety and effectiveness of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate tablets in the treatment of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029761 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  86. ↑ a b Evaluation the Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate in Comparison with Phosphate Chloroquine in Mild and Commen Patients with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): a Randomized, Open-label, Parallel, Controlled Trial [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029899 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  87. ↑ a b Evaluation the Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate in Comparison with Phosphate Chloroquine in Severe Patients with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): a Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel, Controlled Trial [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029898 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  88. ↑ a b A prospective, randomized, open label, controlled trial for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029992 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  89. ↑ Single arm study for exploration of chloroquine phosphate aerosol inhalation in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029975 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  90. ↑ Efficacy and safety of chloroquine phosphate inhalation combined with standard therapy in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030417 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  91. ↑ Treatment of Coronavirus SARS-Cov2 Respiratory Infections with Hydroxychloroquine. Clinical trials for eudract_number:2020-000890-25. www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu, dostęp 2020-03-15.
  92. ↑ The efficacy and safety of carrimycin treatment in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial [online], www.chictr.org.cn [dostęp 2020-03-14].
  93. ↑ A Randomized, Open, Controlled Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of ASC09F and Ritonavir for 2019-nCoV Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04261270 [dostęp 2020-03-14] (ang.).
  94. ↑ a b Immunoregulatory Therapy for 2019-nCoV, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04268537 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  95. ↑ The Efficacy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Severe 2019-nCoV Infected Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04261426 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  96. ↑ Treatment of Acute Severe 2019-nCoV Pneumonia With Immunoglobulin From Cured Patients, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04264858 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  97. ↑ Glucocorticoid Therapy for Novel Coronavirus Critically Ill Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Failure, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04244591 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  98. ↑ The Efficacy of Different Hormone Doses in 2019-nCoV Severe Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04263402 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  99. ↑ Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroids in COVID-19, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04273321 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  100. ↑ A randomized, open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose corticosteroids in hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029656 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  101. ↑ Effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia: protocol of a randomized controlled trial [online], www.unboundmedicine.com, ChiCTR2000029386 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  102. ↑ A randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled, trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus inactivated plasma in the treatment of severe novel coronavirus pneumonia patients (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030010 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  103. ↑ A single arm trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-2019-nCoV inactivated convalescent plasma in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia patient (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030046 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  104. ↑ Cancelled by investigator A randomized, open-label, controlled and single-center trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 inactivated convalescent plasma in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patient [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030381 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  105. ↑ Cancelled, due to modify the protocol A single-center, open-label and single arm trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 inactivated convalescent plasma in the treatment [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030312 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  106. ↑ Study on convalescent plasma treatment for severe patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029850 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  107. ↑ Clinical study for infusing convalescent plasma to treat patients with new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030039 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  108. ↑ Clinical Study of Anti-CD147 Humanized Meplazumab for Injection to Treat With 2019-nCoV Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04275245 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  109. ↑ Bevacizumab in Severe or Critical Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04275414 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  110. ↑ Eculizumab (Soliris) in Covid-19 Infected Patients, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04288713 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  111. ↑ A clinical study for the efficacy and safety of Adalimumab Injection in the treatment of patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030089 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  112. ↑ Efficacy and safety of aerosol inhalation of vMIP in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): a single arm clinical trial [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029636 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  113. ↑ NK Cells Treatment for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04280224 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  114. ↑ Cancelled by the investigator Clinical trial for umbilical cord blood CIK and NK cells in the treatment of mild and general patients infected with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030329 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  115. ↑ Clinical study for the remedy of M1 macrophages target in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029431 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  116. ↑ Immunomodulatory Therapy for Severe Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029806 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  117. ↑ Fingolimod in COVID-19, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04280588 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  118. ↑ a b A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pirfenidone With Novel Coronavirus Infection, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04282902 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  119. ↑ A randomized, open-label, blank-controlled, multicenter trial for Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid Injection in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029776 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  120. ↑ A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial for leflunomide in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030058 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  121. ↑ City of Hope Medical Center, Leflunomide for the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 in Patients With a Concurrent Malignancy... [online], TrialBulletin.com [dostęp 2021-04-24] (ang.).
  122. ↑ Cancelled by the investigator Randomized controlled trial for the efficacy of dihydroartemisinine piperaquine in the treatment of mild/common novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030082 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  123. ↑ Nitric Oxide Gas Inhalation Therapy for Mild/Moderate COVID19 Infection, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04290858 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  124. ↑ Nitric Oxide Gas Inhalation for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in COVID-19, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04290871 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  125. ↑ Clinical Application of ECMO in the Treatment of Patients with Very Serious Respiratory Failure due to novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000029804 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  126. ↑ The Efficacy and Safety of Thalidomide Combined With Low-dose Hormones in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04273581 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  127. ↑ The Efficacy and Safety of Thalidomide in the Adjuvant Treatment of Moderate New Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia, [w:] ClinicalTrials.gov [online], National Institutes of Health, NCT04273529 [dostęp 2020-03-15] (ang.).
  128. ↑ Członek Rady Medycznej: Amantadyna? Na razie nie zalecam [online], www.rp.pl, 30 marca 2021 [dostęp 2021-04-26].
  129. ↑ Multicenter study for the treatment of Dipyridamole with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030055 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  130. ↑ Clinical application of inhaled acetylcysteine solution in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030328 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
  131. ↑ A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for evaluation of the efficacy and safety of bismuth potassium citrate capsules in the treatment of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) [online], www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030398 [dostęp 2020-03-15].
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