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Função de consumo

Em economia, a função de consumo é uma função matemática que expressa o consumo das famílias. Foi desenvolvida por John Maynard Keynes e descrita na sua magnum opus A Teoria Geral do Emprego, do Juro e da Moeda. A função é usada para calcular o consumo privado de uma economia, e é composta pelo consumo autônomo e o consumo induzido pelo rendimento.

Uma função de consumo simples linear:

Onde:

  • C = Consumo,
  • = consumo autónomo
  • c é a propensão marginal a consumir (0 < c < 1), e,
  • Yd = rendimento disponível (rendimento após impostos e transferências, Y - T + TR).

O consumo autônomo representa o consumo quando o rendimento é zero. Em modelos, o valor tanto pode ser positivo como negativo. A propensão marginal a consumir indica o quanto varia o consumo induzido, quando o rendimento varia. Em termos geométricos, o c é o declive da recta da função de consumo linear. O c varia entre ]0,1[, o que significa que o consumo aumenta quando o rendimento aumenta, e o inverso também, mas num montante inferior ao do rendimento, por a propensão ser inferior a um.

A função de consumo keynesiana também é conhecida como hipótese do rendimento absoluto, uma vez que o consumo depende apenas do rendimento corrente e ignora rendimento futuro potencial. Face a esta crítica, Milton Friedman desenvolveu a hipótese do rendimento permanente e Franco Modigliani respondeu com a teoria do ciclo de vida.

Determinantes do consumo no modelo Keynesiano Simpes

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