Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Episcop principe

Johann Otto von Gemmingen, Prințul-Episcop de Augsburg (1591-1598)

Titlul de episcop principe (în germană Fürstbischof) a fost purtat de acei episcopi care au fost în evul mediu totodată conducători civili ai unui principat suveran, deci și principi. Astfel, principatul ecleziastic condus la nivel politic de către un prinț-episcop putea, în totalitate sau în mare parte, să se suprapună jurisdicției diecezane, deoarece unele părți ale eparhiei, chiar și orașul său de reședință, puteau fi scutite de conducere civilă, obținând statutul de oraș liber imperial. Dacă scaunul episcopal este o arhiepiscopie, termenul corect este arhiepiscop principe; echivalentul monahalului  abate principe (în germană Fürstabt). Un prinț-episcop este de obicei considerat un monarh ales.

În Occident, odată cu declinul puterii imperiale din secolul al IV-lea, în fața invaziilor barbare, uneori episcopii creștini din orașe se substituiau comandantului roman, luau decizii seculare pentru oraș și conduceau trupele proprii, atunci când era necesar. Mai târziu, relațiile dintre un prinț-episcop și burghezi erau invariabil necordiale. 

În Imperiul Bizantin, împărații încă autocratici au dat episcopilor anumite drepturi și obligații în administrarea seculară a teritoriilor din eparhiile lor, dar asta a fost parte dintr-o dezvoltare cezaropapistă de a pune la Biserica Răsăriteană în serviciul imperiului, cu patriarhul ecumenic, aproape redus la rangul de ministru al împăratului în domeniul cultelor.

Sfântul Imperiu Roman

Principate Ecleziastice în [[Sfântul Imperiu Roman]], 1780

Episcopii au fost implicați în guvernarea francă și, ulterior, în Imperiul Carolingian frecvent ca trimiși stil Missus dominicus, dar ăsta a fost un mandat individual, neatașate scaunului episcopal. Principatele episcopii au fost cele mai frecvente în fragmentatul în mod tipic feudal Sfânt Imperiu Roman, unde multor episcopi li s-a acordat în mod oficial rangul de Prinț Imperial (în germană Reichsfürst), acordându-li-se imediat puterea pe un anumit teritoriu și o reprezentare în Dieta Imperială (Reichstag).

La stem ducate din germană britanie în interiorul Imperiului a avut de puternic și puternic dukes (inițial, război-conducători), mereu în căutarea afară pentru ducatmodelului "interes național" decât pentru Imperiu. La rândul său, primul rege Ottonian (Saxon), Henric Păsărarul (Henric I al Germaniei) și mai ales fiul său, împăratul Otto I, a încercat să slăbească puterea ducilor prin acordarea episcopilor loiali imperiului terenuri și investirea lor cu privilegii regalia. Spre deosebire de duci, ei nu puteau lăsa moștenire titlurile și terenurile descendenților lor.

Nu mai puțin de trei (inițial numai șapte) prinți electori, cel mai înalt ordin de Reichsfürsten (comparabile în rang cu pairii francezi), erau prinți-arhiepiscopi, fiecare deținând titlul de arhicancelar pentru o parte a imperiului; dată fiind importanța unui electorat, principatele lor erau cunoscute ca Kurfürstentum ("principat electoral"), mai degrabă decât principate ecleziastice:

Arms Name Rank Local name(s) Imperial immediacy Imperial

Circle

Modern

nation

Notes
Köln Arhiepiscopat Electoral germană Erzstift Köln, Kurköln 953–1803 Electorat Renan (al Rinului) Germania Germania Prince-elector and Arch-Chancellor of Italy. Duke of Westphalia since 1180. Cologne became a Free Imperial City in 1288 (Bătălia de la Worringen).
Mainz Arhiepiscopat Electoral germană Erzbistum Mainz, Kurmainz cca. 780–1803 Electorat Renan (al Rinului) Germania Germania Prince-elector and Arch-Chancellor of Germany.
Trier Arhiepiscopat Electoral germană Erzbistum Trier, Kurtrier

franceză Archevêque Trèves

772–1803 Electorat Renan (al Rinului) Germania Germania Prince-elector and Arch-Chancellor of Burgundy.
Aquileia Patriarhat latină Patriarchæ Aquileiensis

italiană Patriarcato di Aquileia

1077–1433 None Italia Italia Conquered by Venice in 1420, officially incorporated after the 1445 Council of Florence
Augsburg Episcopat germană Hochstift Augsburg cca. 888–1803 Suabia Germania Germania Augsburg became a Free imperial City in 1276.
Bamberg Episcopat germană Hochstift Bamberg 1245–1802 Franconia Germania Germania
Basel Episcopat franceză Principauté de Bâle

germană Fürstbistum Basel

1032–1803 Rinul Inferior Franţa Franța

Germania Germania
Elveţia Elveția

Basel joined the Old Swiss Confederacy as the Canton of Basel in 1501. A tiny fraction of the bishopric is not now in Switzerland: Schliengen and Istein are both now in Germany; a very small part of the Vogtei of St Ursanne is now in France.
Besançon Arhiepiscopat franceză Archévêqué de Besançon

germană Erzstift Besantz

None Franţa Franța The archbishops had been rulers over Besançon, an Imperial city from 1307, which in 1512 joined the Burgundian Circle.
Brandenburg Episcopat germană Hochstift Brandenburg cca. 1165–1598 Saxonia Superioară Germania Germania Founded in 948, annihilated 983, re-established cca. 1161, continued by Lutheran administrators after Reformation in 1520, secularized and incorporated to the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1571.
Bremen Arhiepiscopat germană Erzstift Bremen 1180–1648 Saxonia Inferioară Germania Germania Continued by Lutheran administrators after Reformation in 1566 until 1645/1648. Bremen itself became autonomous in 1186, and was confirmed as a Free Imperial City in 1646.
Brescia Episcopat italiană Principato vescovile di Brescia None Italia Italia Bishop Notingus was made count of Brescia in 844.
Breslau Episcopat germană Fürstbistum Breslau

poloneză Biskupie Księstwo Wrocławskie
germană sileziană Brassel

None Polonia Polonia In 1344 Bishop Przecław of Breslau (present-day Wrocław) bought the town of Grottkau (Grodków) from the Silesian duke Bolesław III the Generous and added it to the episcopal Duchy of Neisse (Nysa), becoming Prince of Neisse and Duke of Grottkau as a vassal to the Bohemian Crown.
Brixen Episcopat germană Hochstift Brixen

italiană Principato vescovile di Bressanone

1027–1803 Austria Italia Italia secularized to Tyrol
Cambrai Episcopat apoi Arhiepiscopat franceză Principauté de Cambrai

germană Hochstift Kammerich

1007–1678 Rinul Inferior/ Westphalia Franţa Franța To France by 1678 Peace of Nijmegen
Cammin Episcopat germană Bistum Kammin

poloneză Biskupie Księstwo Kamieńskie

1248–1650 Saxonia Superioară Polonia Polonia Lost Reichsfreiheit to Duchy of Pomerania in 1544, secularized in 1650, to Brandenburg Province of Pomerania
Chur Episcopat germană Bistum Chur

retoromană Chapitel catedral da Cuira
italiană Principato vescovile di Coira

831/1170–1526 Austria Elveţia Elveția
Constance Episcopat germană Hochstift Konstanz 1155–1803 Suabia Austria Austria

Germania Germania
Elveţia Elveția

Greatly reduced during the Reformation, when significant parts of Swabia and Switzerland became Protestant.
Eichstätt Episcopat germană Hochstift Eichstätt 1305–1802 Franconia Germania Germania
Freising Episcopat germană Hochstift Freising 1294–1802 Bavaria Austria Austria

Germania Germania

Fulda Abație, apoi Episcopat germană Reichskloster Fulda, Reichsbistum Fulda 1220–1802 Rinul Superior Germania Germania Imperial Abbey until 5 October 1752, when it was raised to a bishopric. Secularized in 1802 in the German Mediatization
Geneva Episcopat franceză Évêché de Genève

germană Fürstbistum Genf

Rinul Superior Franţa Franța

Elveţia Elveția

De jure Reichsfrei since 1154, de facto dominated by their guardians, the counts of Geneva (until 1400) and Savoy (since 1401). Geneva joined the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1526.
Halberstadt Episcopat germană Bistum Halberstadt 1180–1648 Saxonia Inferioară Germania Germania
Havelberg Episcopat germană Bistum Havelberg 1151–1598 Saxonia Inferioară Germania Germania Founded in 948, annihilated 983, re-established 1130, continued by Lutheran administrators after Reformation in 1548 until 1598
Hildesheim Episcopat germană Hochstift Hildesheim 1235–1803 Saxonia Inferioară Germania Germania
Lausanne Episcopat franceză Prince-Évêché de Lausanne

germană Bistum Lausanne

1270–1536 None Elveţia Elveția Conquered by the Swiss city canton of Bern in 1536.
Lebus Episcopat germană Fürstbistum Lebus

poloneză Diecezja lubuska

1248–1598 None Germania Germania

Polonia Polonia

Seated in Fürstenwalde since 1385; Reichsfreiheit challenged by Brandenburg, continued by Hohenzollern Lutheran administrators after Protestant Reformation in 1555 until secularization in 1598.
Liège Episcopat franceză Principauté de Liège

germană Fürstbistum Lüttich
valonă Principåté d' Lidje

980–1789/1795 Rinul Inferior / Westphalia  Belgia

Țările de Jos Țările de Jos

Lübeck Episcopat germană Hochstift Lübeck 1180–1803 Saxonia Inferioară Germania Germania Seated in Eutin since the 1270s; Reformation started in 1535, continued by Lutheran administrators since 1586 until secularization in 1803. Lübeck became a Free Imperial City in 1226.
Magdeburg Arhiepiscopat germană Erzstift Magdeburg 1180–1680 Saxonia Inferioară Germania Germania Continued by Lutheran administrators between 1566 and 1631, and again since 1638 until 1680.
Merseburg Episcopat germană Bistum Merseburg 1004–1565 None Germania Germania Administered by the Lutheran Electorate of Saxony between 1544 until 1565.
Metz Episcopat franceză Évêché de Metz

germană Hochstift Metz

10th century–1552 Rinul Superior Franţa Franța One of the Three Bishoprics ceded to France by the 1552 Treaty of Chambord.
Minden Episcopat germană Hochstift Minden 1180–1648 Rinul Inferior / Westphalia Germania Germania
Münster Episcopat germană Hochstift Münster 1180–1802 Rinul Inferior / Westphalia Germania Germania
Naumburg Episcopat germană Bistum Naumburg-Zeitz Germania Germania Under guardianship of Meissen from 1259, administrated by Saxony from 1564.
Olomouc Episcopat cehă Biskupství olomoucké

germană Bistum Olmütz

None Cehia Cehia The Czech bishopric (later Metropolitan) of Olomouc, as a vassal principality of the Bohemian crown, was the peer of the margraviate of Moravia, and from 1365 its prince-bishop was 'Count of the Bohemian Chapel', i.e., first court chaplain, who was to accompany the monarch on his frequent travels.
Osnabrück Episcopat germană Hochstift Osnabrück 1225/1236–1802 Rinul Inferior/ Westphalia Germania Germania Alternated between Catholic and Protestant incumbents after the Thirty Years' War, secularized in 1802/1803
Paderborn Episcopat germană Fürstbistum Paderborn 1281–1802 Rinul Inferior / Westphalia Germania Germania
Passau Episcopat germană Hochstift Passau 999–1803 Bavaria Austria Austria

Germania Germania

Princely title was confirmed at Nuremberg in 1217.
Ratzeburg Episcopat germană Bistum Ratzeburg 1236–1648 Saxonia Inferioară Germania Germania Ruled by Lutheran administrators between 1554 and 1648.
Regensburg Episcopat germană Hochstift Regensburg 1132?–1803 Bavaria Germania Germania Regensburg became a Free Imperial City in 1245.
Salzburg Arhiepiscopat germană Fürsterzbistum Salzburg 1278–1803 Bavarian Austria Austria Raised to an electorate in 1803, but simultaneously secularized; see Electorate of Salzburg. Since 1648, the archbishop has also borne the title Primas Germaniae, First [Bishop] of Germania. The powers of this title – non-jurisdictional – are limited to being the Pope's first correspondent in the German-speaking world, but used to include the right to preside over the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
Schwerin Episcopat germană Bistum Schwerin 1180–1648 Saxonia Inferioară Germania Germania Ruled by an administrator between 1516 and 1648.
Sion Episcopat franceză Prince-Évêché de Sion

germană Bistum Sitten

999–1798 None Elveţia Elveția A classic example of unified secular and diocesan authority
Speyer Episcopat germană Hochstift Speyer 888–1803 Rinul Superior Germania Germania Territories to the east of the Rhine were annexed by France in 1681, confirmed in 1697. Speyer became a Free Imperial City in 1294.
Strasbourg Episcopat germană alemanică Bistum Strossburi

franceză Évêché de Strasbourg
germană Fürstbistum Straßburg

982–1803 Rinul Superior Franţa Franța

Germania Germania

Territories to the east of the Rhine were annexed by France in 1681, confirmed in 1697. Strasbourg became a Free Imperial City in 1262.
Toul Episcopat franceză Principauté de Toul

germană Bistum Toul

10th century – 1552 Rinul Superior Franţa Franța One of the Three Bishoprics ceded to France by the 1552 Treaty of Chambord, confirmed in 1648.
Trent Episcopat italiană Principato vescovile di Trento

germană Fürstbistum Trient

1027–1803 Austria Italia Italia Secularized to Tyrol in 1803.
Utrecht Episcopat neerlandeză Sticht Utrecht 1024–1528 Rinul Inferior / Westphalia Țările de Jos Țările de Jos Sold to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in 1528, after which it was moved to the Burgundian Circle. Founding member of the Dutch Republic in 1579/1581, confirmed in 1648 (Pacea Westfalică).
Verden Episcopat germană Hochstift Verden 1180–1648 Rinul Inferior / Westphalia Germania Germania Continued by Lutheran administrators after Reformation until 1645/1648, when it was continued as a secular and independent principality until its disestablishment in 1807. It became a part of the Kingdom of Hanover in 1815.
Verdun Episcopat franceză Principauté de Verdun

germană Bistum Verdun

10th century – 1552 Rinul Superior Franţa Franța One of the Three Bishoprics ceded to France by the 1552 Treaty of Chambord, confirmed in 1648.
Worms Episcopat germană Bistum Worms 861–1801 Rinul Superior Germania Germania Worms city rule established by Bishop Burchard (1000–25), episcopal residence at Ladenburg from 1400, held large estates in the former Lahngau region, territories left of the Rhine lost by the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio, secularized at first to French Empire, finally Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt in 1815.
Würzburg Episcopat germană Hochstift Würzburg 1168–1803 Franconia Germania Germania Duke of Franconia

Statul Ordinului Teutonic

Starea Ordinului Teutonic în 1466: teritoriile livoniene episcopale  în violet, Principatul ecleziastic de Warmia în cyan
Arms Name Rank Local name(s) Territory Modern

nation

Notes
Courland Bishopric germană Hochstift Kurland

letonă Kurzemes bīskapija
germana de jos Bisdom Curland

Terra Mariana Letonia Letonia Established about 1234, the smallest of the Livonian dioceses. Secularized in 1559 and occupied by Prince Magnus of Denmark. From 1585 under the suzerainty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, part of the Duchy of Livonia. To Russia in the 1795 Third Partition of Poland.
Dorpat Bishopric estonă Tartu piiskopkond

germană Hochstift Dorpat
germana de jos Bisdom Dorpat

Terra Mariana Estonia Estonia Bishop Hermann, appointed by his brother Bishop Albert of Riga, received the title of a prince-bishop by King Henry VII of Germany in 1225. Dorpat (estonă Tartu) remained a suffragan diocese of Riga. Dissolved in the course of the Protestant Reformation in 1558.
Ösel-Wiek Bishopric estonă Saare-Lääne piiskopkond

germană Bistum Ösel-Wiek
germana de jos Bisdom Ösel-Wiek

Terra Mariana Estonia Estonia Established on Saaremaa island in 1228 under Bishop Gottfried, appointed by Bishop Albert of Riga, vested with the title of a prince-bishop by King Henry VII of Germany. It remained a suffragan diocese of Riga. Dissolved in the course of the Protestant Reformation in 1559.
Riga Archbishopric germană Erzbistum Riga

letonă Rīgas arhibīskapija
germana de jos Erzbisdom Riga

Terra Mariana Letonia Letonia Episcopal see at Üxküll 1186–1202. In 1225 Albert of Riga received the title of a Prince-bishop of Livonia by Emperor Frederick II. Last Archbishop William of Brandenburg resigned in 1561 during the Livonian War, territory fell to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, to Sweden in 1621.
Warmia Bishopric germană Hochstift Ermland

poloneză Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie

Prussia Polonia Polonia Established by Papal legate William of Modena in 1243, princely title documented in the Golden Bull of 1356. Incorporated into the Jagiellon kingdom of Poland in 1466 and re-established as an autonomous prince-bishopric under the Polish crown in 1479. Abolished in the course of the Prussian annexation in 1772 during the First Partition of Poland.

Legături externe

Note

Read other articles:

نهاية العالم اللعين غلاف مسلسل نهاية العالم اللعين النوع كوميديا سوداء ودراما كوميدية إخراج كايت أوغبورن بطولة اليكس لوثر،  وجيسيكا باردن  البلد  المملكة المتحدة لغة العمل الإنجليزية عدد المواسم 2 عدد الحلقات 8 لكل موسم مدة الحلقة 20دقيقة الموزع نتفليكس  الإصدار ا

 

 

АрлебоскArlebosc Країна  Франція Регіон Овернь-Рона-Альпи  Департамент Ардеш  Округ Турнон-сюр-Рон Кантон Сен-Фелісьян Код INSEE 07014 Поштові індекси 07410 Координати 45°02′14″ пн. ш. 4°39′07″ сх. д.H G O Висота 265 - 1028 м.н.р.м. Площа 12,35 км² Населення 324 (01-2020[1]) Густота 2...

 

 

هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. سلسلة مقالات عناليهود واليهودية أصل الكلمة من هو اليهودي؟ الثقافة يهود الدين الله في اليهودية (أسماء) مبدئ الإيمان ميتزفة (613) هالاخاه السبت الأعياد الصلاة الصدقة أرض إسرائيل...

Зіннуров Ірек Хайдарович Загальна інформаціяГромадянство  РосіяНародження 11 січня 1969(1969-01-11) (54 роки)Якутськ, РРФСР, СРСРЗріст 189 смВага 85 кгСпортКраїна  РосіяВид спорту водне полоКоманда Water Polo Club Spartak Volgogradd і Sintez Kazand Участь і здобутки  Зіннуров Ірек Хайда

 

 

Kelkheim (Taunus) Stad in Duitsland Situering Deelstaat Hessen Landkreis Main-Taunus-Kreis Regierungsbezirk Darmstadt Coördinaten 50° 8′ NB, 8° 27′ OL Algemeen Oppervlakte 30,73 km² Inwoners (31-12-2020[1]) 29.162 (949 inw./km²) Hoogte 193 m Burgemeester Thomas Horn (CDU) Overig Postcode 65779 Netnummers 06195,06198 (Eppenhain),06174 (Ruppertshain) Kenteken MTK Stad 6 stadsdelen Gemeentenr. 06 4 36 008 Website www.kelkheim.de Locatie van Kelkheim (Taunu...

 

 

مسجد كوتا كينابالو إحداثيات 5°59′45″N 116°06′28″E / 5.995858°N 116.10775°E / 5.995858; 116.10775  معلومات عامة القرية أو المدينة كوتا كينابالو الدولة  ماليزيا سنة التأسيس 18 فبراير 2000  تاريخ بدء البناء 2000 التصميم والإنشاء النمط المعماري عمارة إسلامية  معلومات أخرى الموقع ا�...

جائزة العثور في الترجمةمعلومات عامةأول جائزة 2007 تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أكتوبر 2020) جائزة العثور في الترجمة هي جائزة سنوية تُمنح لأفضل ترجمة للأدب البولن

 

 

Mountain range in western Saudi Arabia This article is about the mountain range in western Arabia. For the geographical and historical region, see Hejaz. Hijaz MountainsA road in the mountains from Mecca to Ta'ifHighest pointPeakJabal WerqaanElevation2,393 m (7,851 ft)Coordinates23°0′N 41°0′E / 23.000°N 41.000°E / 23.000; 41.000NamingNative nameجِبَال ٱلْحِجَاز (Arabic)GeographyHijaz MountainsShow map of Saudi ArabiaHijaz Moun...

 

 

Het Wapen(schild) van Vlaanderen is te onderscheiden van de gelijkaardige Vlag van Vlaanderen, de officiële vlag van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap en de Vlaamse strijdvlag die op het Wapen van Vlaanderen zijn gebaseerd Wapen van Vlaanderen Wapen van Vlaanderen Details Ingevoerd 7 november 1990 (Vlaamse Gemeenschap) Schild In goud een leeuw van sabel getongd en geklauwd van keel. Portaal    Vlaggen en wapens Folio 80 recto van het wapenboek Gelre, met (links midden) het wapen van graaf Rob...

Bangkit!Poster filmNama lainBangkit!: Karena Menyerah Bukan PilihanSutradara Rako Prijanto Produser Reza Hidayat Ditulis oleh Anggoro Saronto SkenarioAnggoro SarontoCeritaRako PrijantoPemeranVino Bastian, Acha Septriasa, Deva Mahenra, Putri AyudyaPerusahaanproduksiSuryanation, Oreima Films, Kaninga PicturesDistributor Vidio TrueID Tanggal rilis28 Juli 2016Durasi122 menitNegara IndonesiaBahasa Indonesia AnggaranRp12 miliar[1] Bangkit! adalah film bencana Indonesia tahun 2016...

 

 

Một ảnh chụp màn hình của một trang web. Các máy tính để lưu trữ, truyền tải và hiển thị trang web là phương tiện điện tử. Các trang web là một phương tiện điện tử. Biểu diễn đồ họa của dữ liệu âm thanh điện tử. Phương tiện điện tử sử dụng xử lý tín hiệu analog (đỏ) hoặc kỹ thuật số (xanh dương). Phương tiện truyền thông điện tử là phương tiện sử dụng đối tượng ...

 

 

Lý thuyết trường lượng tửSơ đồ Feynman Lịch sử Nền tảng Lý thuyết trường Điện từ học Tương tác yếu Tương tác mạnh Cơ học lượng tử Thuyết tương đối hẹp Thuyết tương đối rộng Lý thuyết trường chuẩn Đối xứng Đối xứng trong cơ học lượng tử C-symmetry P-symmetry T-symmetry Space translation symmetry Time translation symmetry Rotation symmetry Lorentz symmetry Poincaré symmetry Gauge symmetry Explicit...

Act of throwing someone out of a window For other uses, see Defenestration (disambiguation). Matthäus Merian's impression of the 1618 Defenestration of Prague Defenestration (from Neo-Latin de fenestrā[1]) is the act of throwing someone or something out of a window.[2] The term was coined around the time of an incident in Prague Castle in the year 1618 which became the spark that started the Thirty Years' War. This was done in good Bohemian style, referring to the defenestra...

 

 

Hoyland Lowe Stand Lowe Stand is an 18th-century folly built for Thomas Watson-Wentworth, 1st Marquess of Rockingham, and likely originally intended as a hunting lodge.[1] It is situated in the South Yorkshire town of Hoyland, 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Barnsley. Today the stand is a Grade II listed building[2] but is in a fairly advanced state of decay.[1] In 2008 the deeds were handed over from the council to voluntary group, the Friends of Hoyland Lowe Stand (...

 

 

2003 single by LeadFly AwaySingle by Leadfrom the album Life On Da Beat B-sideShining DayReleasedFebruary 5, 2003Recorded2003GenreJ-Pop, hip hopLabelFlight MasterCD (PCCA-70032)Songwriter(s)Yasushi SasamotoProducer(s)Yasushi SasamotoLead singles chronology Show Me the Way (2002) Fly Away (2003) Funky Days! (2003) Fly Away (stylized as FLY AWAY) is the third single by Japanese hip-hop group Lead. It peaked in the top ten on the Oricon charts at #10 and remained on the charts for seven weeks, c...

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: MetaTrader 4 – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR MetaTrader 4 adalah alat statistik untuk pedagang mata uang yang digunakan untuk membuat penilaian tentang arah harga pasangan mata uang. ...

 

 

Elif Elmas Elmas bermain untuk Napoli pada 2021Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Elif ElmasЕлиф Елмас[1]Tanggal lahir 24 September 1999 (umur 24)Tempat lahir Skopje, Makedonia UtaraTinggi 184 cm (6 ft 0 in)[2]Posisi bermain GelandangInformasi klubKlub saat ini NapoliNomor 7Karier junior0000–2015 RabotničkiKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2015–2017 Rabotnički 44 (7)2017–2019 Fenerbahçe 34 (4)2019– Napoli 122 (12)Tim nasional‡ Makedonia U...

 

 

This article is about a film. For the religious usages, see Living God. This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (July 2022) 2015 filmThe Living God: Medicine and The Ancient Meetei CivilizationA poster of the The Living God- Medicine and The Ancient Meetei CivilizationDirected byPrakas Aheibam[1][2]Written byPrakas Aheibam[1][2]Based onMedicine...

Indian TV series or programme Pavitra BandhanLogoAlso known asPavitra Bandhan – Do Dilo KaGenreIndian Soap OperaRomanceCreated byBalaji TelefilmsDeveloped byEkta KapoorWritten byStoryMallika Dutt Gharde, Komolika Bhattacharjee ScreenplayMallika Dutt Gharde, Komolika BhattacharjeeDialoguesDeepti RawalDirected byGhanshyam Pathak, Vaibhav aka Vicky Chauhan,Creative directorMeghana Amal & Shivani PathakStarringYash TonkHritu DudhaniMuni JhaOpening themePavitra Bandhan – Do Dilo Ka by...

 

 

Dynamic microphone The Shure SM57 microphone The Shure SM57 is a low-impedance cardioid dynamic microphone made by Shure Incorporated and commonly used in live sound reinforcement and studio recording. It is one of the best-selling microphones in the world. It is used extensively in amplified music and has been used for speeches by every U.S. president since its introduction in 1965.[1] In 2004, honoring its four decades of solid, dependable performance, it was inducted into the first...

 

 

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya