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Antimon

Antimon, 51Sb
Antimon
IzgovarjavaIPA: [antiˈmoːn]
Videzsrebrno bleščeč siv
Standardna atomska teža Ar, std(Sb)121,760(1)[1]
Antimon v periodnem sistemu
Vodik Helij
Litij Berilij Bor (element) Ogljik Dušik Kisik Fluor Neon
Natrij Magnezij Aluminij Silicij Fosfor Žveplo Klor Argon
Kalij Kalcij Skandij Titan (element) Vanadij Krom Mangan Železo Kobalt Nikelj Baker Cink Galij Germanij Arzen Selen Brom Kripton
Rubidij Stroncij Itrij Cirkonij Niobij Molibden Tehnecij Rutenij Rodij Paladij Srebro Kadmij indij Kositer Antimon Telur Jod Ksenon
Cezij Barij Lantan Cerij Prazeodim Neodim Prometij Samarij Evropij Gadolinij Terbij Disprozij Holmij Erbij Tulij Iterbij Lutecij Hafnij Tantal Volfram Renij Osmij Iridij Platina Zlato Živo srebro Talij Svinec Bizmut Polonij Astat Radon
Francij Radij Aktinij Torij Protaktinij Uran (element) Neptunij Plutonij Americij Kirij Berkelij Kalifornij Ajnštajnij Fermij Mendelevij Nobelij Lavrencij Raderfordij Dubnij Siborgij Borij Hasij Majtnerij Darmštatij Rentgenij Kopernicij Nihonij Flerovij Moskovij Livermorij Tenes Oganeson
As

Sb

Bi
kositerantimontelur
Vrstno število (Z)51
Skupinaskupina 15 (pniktogeni)
Periodaperioda 5
Blok  blok p
Razporeditev elektronov[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
Razporeditev elektronov po lupini2, 8, 18, 18, 5
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi pri STPtrdnina
Tališče630,63 °C
Vrelišče1635 °C
Gostota (blizu s.t.)6,697 g/cm3
v tekočem stanju (pri TT)6,53 g/cm3
Talilna toplota19,79 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota193,43 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta25,23 J/(mol·K)
Parni tlak
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
pri T (°C) 534 603 738 946 1.218 1.585
Lastnosti atoma
Oksidacijska stanja−3, −2, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (amfoterni oksid)
ElektronegativnostPaulingova lestvica: 2,05
Ionizacijske energije
  • 1.: 834 kJ/mol
  • 2.: 1594,9 kJ/mol
  • 3.: 2440 kJ/mol
  • (več)
Atomski polmerempirično: 140 pm
Kovalentni polmer139±5 pm
Van der Waalsov polmer206 pm
Barvne črte v spektralnem obsegu
Spektralne črte antimona
Druge lastnosti
Pojavljanje v naraviprvobitno
Kristalna strukturaromboedrična
Rhombohedral kristalna struktura za antimon
Hitrost zvoka tanka palica3420 m/s (pri 20 °C)
Temperaturni raztezek11 µm/(m⋅K) (pri 25 °C)
Toplotna prevodnost24,4 W/(m⋅K)
Električna upornost417 nΩ⋅m (pri 20 °C)
Magnetna ureditevdiamagnetik[3]
Magnetna susceptibilnost−99,0·10−6 cm3/mol[4]
Youngov modul55 GPa
Strižni modul20 GPa
Stisljivostni modul42 GPa
Mohsova trdota3,0
Trdota po Brinellu294–384 MPa
Številka CAS7440-36-0
Zgodovina
OdkritjeArabski alkimisti (pred 815 našega štetja)
Simbol"Sb": iz lat. stibium 'antimonit'
Najpomembnejši izotopi antimona
Izo­top Pogos­tost Razpolovni čas (t1/2) Razpadni način Pro­dukt
121Sb 57,21% stabilen
123Sb 42,79% stabilen
125Sb sint. 2,7582 y β 125Te
Kategorija Kategorija: Antimon
prikaži · pogovor · uredi · zgodovina | reference

Antimón je kemijski element, ki ima v periodnem sistemu simbol Sb (iz latinskega Stibium) in atomsko število 51. Ta polkovina ima štiri alotropne oblike. Najstabilnejša oblika antimona je modro-bela kovina. Rumeni in črni antimon sta nestabilni nekovini. Uporablja se v požarni izolaciji, barvilih, keramiki, enamelih, številnih zlitinah in gumi. Je negorljiv material, zato ga uporabljajo za obleke gasilcev.

Sklici

  1. Meija, Juris; in sod. (2016). »Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)«. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Anastas Sidiropoulos. »Studies of N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes of the Main Group Elements« (PDF). str. 39. doi:10.4225/03/5B0F4BDF98F60. S2CID 132399530.
  3. Lide, D. R., ur. (2005). »Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds«. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th izd.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  4. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. str. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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