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Filip I. Francoski

Filip I. Francoski
Filipova podoba na njegovem pečatu
Kralj Frankov
Sovladar
Samostojen vladar
23. maj 1059 – 4. avgust 1060;
4. avgust 1060 – 29. julij 1108
Kronanje23. maj 1059
PredhodnikHenrik I.
NaslednikLudvik VI.
RegentAna Kijevska in Balduin V. Flandrijski (1060–1067)
Rojstvo23. maj 1052
Champagne-et-Fontaine[d]
Smrt29. julij 1108 (56 let)
Melun
Pokop
Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire
ZakonecBerta Nizozemska
Bertrada Montfortska
Potomci
več...
Konstanca, kneginja Antioška
Ludvik VI.
Cecilija, kneginja Galilejska
RodbinaKapetingi
OčeHenrik I. Francoski
MatiAna Kijevska

Filip I. (francosko Philippe Ier), imenovan Zaljubljeni,[1] je bil od leta 1060 do 1108 frankovski kralj, * 23. maj 1052, Champagne-et-Fontaine, Francija, † 29. julij 1108, Melun, Francija.

Njegova vladavina, tako kot vladavine večine zgodnjih Kapetingov, je bila za tisti čas izredno dolga. Monarhija je po padcu med vladavino njegovega očeta začela postopoma okrevati. Filip je k frankovskim posestim dodal Vexin[2] in Bourges.

Zgodnje življenje

Rojen je bil 23. maja 1052 v Champagne-et-Fontaine kot sin kralja Henrika I. in njegove žene Ane Kijevske.[3] Nenavadno za tisti čas v zahodni Evropi je bilo njegovo ime grškega izvora, ki mu ga je dala mati. Za kralja je bil okronan že pri sedmih letih.[4] Do njegovega štirinajstega leta (1066) je kot regentka vladala njegova mati, prva frankovska kraljica v tej vlogi. Kot njen soregent je vladal Balduin V. Flandrijski.[2]

Vladanje

Denier Filipa I.

Po smrti Balduina VI. Flandrijskega je Flandrijo zavzel Robert Frizijec.[5] Balduinova vdova Rihilda je prosila za pomoč Filipa, ki ga je Robert porazil v bitki pri Casslu leta 1071.[2]

Filip se je prvič poročil leta 1072 z Berto Nizozemsko.[6] V zakonu naj bi se rodil njegov dedič, a se je Filip zaljubil v Bertrado Montfortsko, ženo Fulka IV., grofa Anžujskega. Filip je Berto zavrnil, češ da je predebela, in se 15. maja 1092 poročil z Bertrado.[7] Leta 1094 ga je po sinodi v Autunu papeški legat Hugo iz Dieja izobčil.[7] Po dolgem molku je papež Urban II. na koncilu v Clermontu novembra 1095 ponovil njegovo izobčenje.[8] Izobčenje so večkrat preklicali, ker je Filip obljubljal, da se bo ločil, a tega ni storil. Leta 1104 je opravil javno pokoro in je verjetno zamolčal svojo tajno zvezo z Bertrado.[9] V Franciji je je bil kraljev glavni nasprotnik škof Ivo iz Chartresa, sicer znan pravnik.[10]

Filip je leta 1060 za prvega francoskega konstabla imenoval Alberikala. Velik del svoje vladavine je, tako kot njegov oče, porabil za dušenje uporov svojih oblasti željnih vazalov. Leta 1077 je sklenil mir z Viljemom Osvajalcem, ki je opustil poskuse osvojitve Bretanje.[11] Leta 1082 je razširil svoje posesti s priključitvijo Vexina in leta 1100 Bourgesa.[12]

Na prej omenjenem koncilu v Clermontu se je začela prva križarska vojna. Filip je zaradi spora z Urbanom II. sprva osebno ni podpiral, Filipov brat Hugo I. Vermandoiški pa je bil glavni udeleženec križarskega pohoda.

Smrt

Nagrobnik Filipa I. v samostanski cerkvi v Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire

Filip je umrl na gradu Melun in bil na njegovo željo pokopan v samostanu Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire [13] in ne v St Denisu med njegovimi predniki. Nasledil ga je njegov sin Ludvik VI., katerega nasledstvo je bilo porno.[14]

Otroci

Z Berto Nizozemsko:

Z Betrado:

  • Filip, grof Manteški (1093 – fl. 1123),[17]
  • Fleury, (1095 – julij 1119),[18]
  • Cecilija(1097 – 1145), poročena s Tankredom Galilejskim [19] in po njegovi smrti s Ponsom Tripolijskim.[20]

Sklici

  1. McDougall 2017, str. 154.
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 Hallam 1980, str. 50-51.
  3. Bradbury 2007, str. 111.
  4. Strickland 2016, str. 342.
  5. Nicholas 1999, str. 115.
  6. Bradbury 2007, str. 114.
  7. 7,0 7,1 Bradbury 2007, str. 119.
  8. Somerville 2011, str. 118.
  9. d'Avray 2014, str. 47.
  10. Rolker 2009, str. 16.
  11. Petit-Dutaillis 1936, str. 81.
  12. Shepherd 2003, str. 13.
  13. Brown 1990, str. 807.
  14. Abbot Suger.
  15. Paul 2012, str. 38.
  16. 16,0 16,1 Huscroft 2016, str. xi.
  17. Power 2004, str. 85.
  18. McDougall 2017, str. 155.
  19. McDougall 2017, str. 159.
  20. Hodgson 2007, str. 217.

Viri

  • d'Avray, David, ur. (2014). »Philip I of France and Bertrade«. Dissolving Royal Marriages: A Documentary History, 860–1600. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bradbury, Jim (2007). The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Brown, Elizabeth A. R. (1990). »Authority, the Family, and the Dead in Late Medieval France«. French Historical Studies. 16 (4 Autumn): 803–832. doi:10.2307/286323. JSTOR 286323.
  • Hallam, Elizabeth (1980). Capetian France: 987–1328. Longman Group Ltd.
  • Hodgson, Natasha R. (2007). Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative. The Boydell Press.
  • Huscroft, Richard (2016). Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire. Yale University Press.
  • McDougall, Sara (2017). Royal Bastards: The Birth of Illegitimacy, 800–1230. Oxford University Press.
  • Nicholas, Karen S. (1999). »Countess as Rulers in Flanders«. V Evergates, Theodore (ur.). Aristocratic Women in Medieval France. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Paul, Nicholas L. (2012). To Follow in Their Footsteps: The Crusades and Family Memory in the High Middle Ages. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801450976.
  • Petit-Dutaillis, C. (1936). The Feudal Monarchy in France and England:From the 10th to the 13th Century. Prevod: Hunt, E.D. Routledge.
  • Power, Daniel (2004). The Norman Frontier in the Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries. Cambridge University Press.
  • Rolker, Christof (2009). Canon Law and the Letters of Ivo of Chartres. Cambridge University Press.
  • Shepherd, Jonathan (2003). »The 'muddy-road' of Odo Arpin from Bourges to La Charitie-sur-Loire«. V Edbury, Peter; Phillips, Jonathan (ur.). The Experience of Crusading. Zv. 1. Cambridge University Press.
  • Abbot Suger. »XIII: Of the death of King Philip«. Life of King Louis the Fat. Prevod: Dunbabin, Jean – prek Internet History Sourcebooks Project (Fordham University).
  • Somerville, Robert (2011). Pope Urban II's Council of Piacenza. Oxford University Press.
  • Strickland, Matthew (2016). Henry the Young King, 1155–1183. Yale University Press.
Filip I. Francoski
Rojen: 23. maj 1052 Umrl: 29. julij 1108
Vladarski nazivi
Predhodnik: 
Henrik I.
Kralj Frankov
4. avgust 1060 – 29. julij 1108
Naslednik: 
Ludviok VI.

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