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Alam

Potrét mayapada migunakeun teleskop Hubble, NASA.

Alam mangrupa dunya alami anu utamana dina wujud asli/dasarna jeung leupas tina pangaruh manusa.

Dunya alami

Nurutkeun skala atawa ukuran mah, 'alam' téh ngawengku sagala rupa nu dimimitian ku ukuran mayapada nepi ka ukuran subatomik, kaasup sagala rupa sato jeung tangkal, sagala pakaya alam, mineral, jeung kajadian-kajadianana, sarupaning topan, gunung bitu, banjir sarta lini). Ogé kaasup paripolah sasatoan jeung sagala rupa prosés nu patali jeung objék-objék nu teu nyawaan.

Métafisik

Dina lingkup filosofi, sawangan yén dunya materil sarupaning atom, sasatoan, graviti, béntang, angin, mikroba, jsb. sabenerna aya sacara mandiri anu leupas tina pangaruh urang. Nu kitu disebutna réalisme, sabalikna ti idéalisme.

Nu alami jeung nu artifisial

Mindeng dibédakeun antara "alami" jeung "artifisial" (="jieunan manusa"). salah sahiji cara ngabédakeunana nyaéta ku ngiwalkeun pikiran tina widang alami. Cara séjén nyaéta lain ukur ku ngiwalkeun pikiran, tapi ogé ku ngiwalkeun manusa jeung sagala pangaruhna. Dina dua cara ieu, wates antara alami jeung artifisial hésé pisan diguratkeunana (tempo mind-body problem).

Sababaraha urang percaya yén masalah ieu paling hadé disingkahan ku nyebutkeun yén sagalana alami. Tapi lamun sagalana disebutkeun alami, konsép "artifisial" geus teu bisa deui diécéskeun. Dina sagala kajadian, ambiguitas ngeunaan béda antara "alami" jeung "artifisial" ngawangku widang seni, literatur jeung filosofi.

Konsép nu pakait

Istilah élmu alam dipaké utamana:

Istilah filosofi alami asalna dipaké pikeun widang élmu nu ayeuna disebut fisika.

Téologi alami ngajégang antara disiplin téologi jeung filosofi ageman.

Dina widang atikan jeung nu patalina, kontras antara "alami/artifisial" katémbong salaku "alami jeung nurtur".

Tempo ogé: praeternatural, unnatural, jeung supernatural.

Tempo ogé

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