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Kahariang Hasmoneo

Hasmonean dynasty
ממלכת החשמונאים
Mamleḵeṯ haḤašmona'īm
140 BCE–37 BCE
KatayuanSeleucid Empire vassal (140–110 BCE)
Independent kingdom (110–63 BCE)
Client state of the Roman Republic (63–40 BCE)
Client state of the Parthian Empire (40–37 BCE)[1][2]
KabiseraJerusalem
Karaniwang wikaOld Aramaic (official),[3]
Koine Greek (official)
Biblical Hebrew (liturgical)
Relihiyon
Second Temple Judaism
PamahalaanSemi-constitutional theocratic monarchy
Prince, later Basileus 
• 140–134 BCE
Simon Thassi
• 134 (110)–104 BCE
John Hyrcanus
• 104–103 BCE
Aristobulus I
• 103–76 BCE
Alexander Jannaeus
• 76–67 BCE
Salome Alexandra
• 67–66 BCE
Hyrcanus II
• 66–63 BCE
Aristobulus II
• 63–40 BCE
Hyrcanus II
• 40–37 BCE
Antigonus
LehislaturaEarly Sanhedrin
PanahonHellenistic Age
167 BCE
• Dynasty established
140 BCE
• Full independence
110 BCE
• Pompey intervenes in Hasmonean civil war
63 BCE
40 BCE
• Herod overthrows the Hasmoneans
37 BCE
SalapiHasmonean coinage
Pinalitan
Pumalit
Coele-Syria
Herodian kingdom
Bahagi ngayon ng

Padron:History of Israel

Ang Dinastiyang Hasmoneo o Kahariang Hasmoneo[4] ( /ˌhæzməˈnən/ (audio Naka-arkibo 2007-11-05 sa Wayback Machine.); Hebreo: חַשְׁמוֹנָאִיםḤašmōnaʾīm) ang ang naghaharing dinastiya sa Judea mula 140 BCE hanggang 37 BCE. Mula 140 BCE hanggang 116 BCE, ang dinastiyang Hasmoneo ay namuno sa Judea nang semi-austonomoso mula sa Imperyong Seleucid at mula 110 BCE, sa paghina ng Imperyong Seleucid, ang Judea ay lalo pang nagkamit ng autonomiya o pamumuno sa sarili at lumawak pa sa mga kalapit na rehiyong Samaria, Galilea, Iturea, Perea, at Idumea. Itinuturing ng ilang mga iskolar ang kahariang Hasmoneo na independiyente sa Lupain ng Israel.[5]

Kinuha ng mga haring Hasmoneo ang pamagat na Griyegong basileus (hari o emperador). Sinakop ng mga puwersa ng Republikang Romano ang kahariang Hasmoneo noong 63 BCE at pinalitan ni Dakilang Herodes ang huling hari ng Kahariang Hasmoneo noong 37 BCE. Itinatag ni Simon Thassi ang dinastiyang ito noong 141 BCE, mga dalawang dekada pagkatapos na matalo ng kanyang kapatid na si Judas Macabeo (יהודה המכבי Yehudah HaMakabi) ang mga hukbo ng Imperyong Seleucid sa paghihimagsik na Macabeo noong 167 BCE hanggang 141 BCE. Ayon sa 1 Macabeo, 2 Macabeo at Digmaang Hudyo ni Josephus,[6], istriktong kinontrol ng haring si Antiochus IV Epiphanes ang satrapiyang Seleucid ng Coele Syria at Phoenicia[7] pagkatapos ng kanyang matagumpay na pagsakop sa Kahariang Ptolemaiko(170 hanggang 168 BCE) at pinabalik sa panghihimasok ng Republikang Romano.[8][9] Nilusob ni Antiochus IV Epiphanes ang Herusalem, ipinatigil ang paghahandog sa Ikalawang Templo sa Herusalem,ipinagbawal ang relihiyong Hudaismo.[7][10] at inutos sa mga Hudyo na magsanay ng Helenisasyon o mga pagsasanay ng mga Griyego.(c. 168-167 BCE).[10] Ang patuloy na pagguho ng Imperyong Seleucid dahil sa pagsalakay ng lumalakas na Republikang Romano at Imperyong Parthian ay pumayag sa Judea na muling magkamit ng autonomiya o pangangasiwa sa sarili nito. Noong 63 BCE, ang kahariang Hasmoneo ay sinakop ng Republikang Romano at ginawang estadong kliyente.

Mga sanggunian

  1. Neusner 1983, p. 911.
  2. Vermes 2014, p. 36.
  3. Muraoka 1992.
  4. From Late Latin Asmonaei from Sinaunang Griyego: Ἀσαμωναῖοι (Asamōnaioi).
  5. For example: Wood, Leon James; O'Brien, David (1986) [1970]. "Between the Testaments". A Survey of Israel's History (ika-revised (na) edisyon). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. p. 365. ISBN 9780310347705. Nakuha noong 5 Pebrero 2022. The Hasmoneans would rule over an independent Israel that, for a time, would equal the boundaries of David and Solomon.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  6. Louis H. Feldman, Steve Mason (1999). Flavius Josephus. Brill Academic Publishers.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. 7.0 7.1 "Maccabean Revolt – Biblical Studies – Oxford Bibliographies".
  8. Schäfer (2003), pp. 36–40.
  9. "Livy's History of Rome". Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 19 Agosto 2017. Nakuha noong 25 Enero 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  10. 10.0 10.1 Kasher, Aryeh (1990). "2: The Early Hasmonean Era". Jews and Hellenistic cities in Eretz-Israel: Relations of the Jews in Eretz-Israel with the Hellenistic cities during the Second Temple Period (332 BCE – 70 CE). Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum. Bol. 21. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. pp. 55–65. ISBN 978-3-16-145241-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

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