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Leonardo Bruni

Leonardo Bruni
Leonardo Bruni
Doğum1370
Arezzo, Toskana, Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu
Ölüm09 Mart 1444 (74 yaşında)
Florence, Toskana, Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu
MeslekFelsefeci, çevirmen, tarihçi
EtkilendikleriColuccio Salutati, Manuel Chrysoloras, Giovanni Malpaghini

Leonardo Bruni (veya Leonardo Aretino) (1370 – 9 Mart 1444), erken Rönesans'ın İtalyan hümanist, tarihçi, devlet adamıdır.[1] Hatta ilk modern tarihçi olarak da görülmüştür. Tarihi antik, Orta Çağ ve modern olarak üç aşamada bir süreç olarak ayıran ilk kişidir. Bruni'nin dönemleri tarihlemek için kullandığı tarihler bugün tam olarak modern tarihçilerin kullandıklarıyla uyuşmasa da tarihi üç aşamada gören konseptin kavramsal zeminini hazırlamıştır.

Leonardo Bruni ( Theodor de Bry'ın elinden)

Biyografi

1370'li yıllarda İtalya sınırları içindeki Arezzo'da doğdu.[2] Politik ve kültürel bir figür olan Coluccio Salutati'nin de öğrencisiydi. Onun himayesinde sivil hümanizm fikrini geliştirmiştir. Ayrıca 1405-1414 yılları arasında dört Papa'nın yanında da hizmet etmiştir. Bruni'nin şansölye olduğu yıllar(1410-1411 ve 1427-1444 yılları arası) savaş yüzünden kesintiye uğraşmıştır. Ama buna rağmen en yüksek politik mevkilerde görev yapmıştır. Albizzi ve Medici aileleriyle karşılaştırıldığında güçsüz kaldığını söylemek mümkündür. Tarihçi Arthur Field Bruni'yi 1437 yılında Cosimo de' Medici'ye karşı bir komplocu ve ona karşı entrika çeviren biri olarak tanımlar.

Önemi

Bruni'nin en önemli çalışması ilk modern tarih kitabı olarak bilinen 12 ciltlik 'Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII' eseridir. Bruni'nin seküler bir tarih ürünü verme amacı tartışılabilirse de tarihi 3 dönemde inceleyen anlayışı tartışılmayacak derecede sekülerdir ve bu yüzden ilk modern tarihçi olarak bilinir. Bruni'nin tarih konsepti Petrarca'da da bulunur, Petrarca antik/klasik periyodu sonra gelen kültürel gerileme (Karanlık) döneminden ayırır. Bruni de aynı çizgide İtalya'nın son yüzyıllarda yeniden doğdugunu ve yeni bir çağa girildiğini öne sürmüştür.

Bruni'nin en önemli çalışmalardan biri de Roma Devlet adamı Çiçero'nun biyografisini sunan New Cicero isimli eseridir. Ayrıca Bruni Dante ve Petrarca'nın biyografilerini de yazmıştır.

Bir hümanist olarak Bruni Yunan felsefe ve tarih eserlerinin Latinceye çevrilmesinde önemli rol oynamıştır. Ayrıca, Plato'nun eşcinselliği ile yüzleşen ve bununla barışan ilk hümanistlerden biriydi. Floransa'da 1444 yılında ölmüş ve Floransa'da Santa Croce Bazilikası'nda Bernardo Rossellino tarafından yaptırılan duvar mezarda yakılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Morelli, Giovanni (2015). Kunstkritische Studien über italienische Malerei: Die Galerien zu München und Dresden. Münih: Vero Verlag. ISBN 978-3737208758. 
  2. ^ Welch, Evelyn S. (2000). Art in Renaissance Italy, 1350-1500. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192842794. 

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