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Luleå

Luleå
Luleå arması
Arma
İlNorrbotten ili
BölgeNorrbotten
Yüzölçümü
 • Toplam28.81 km²
Nüfus
 (2005)
 • Toplam45.731
 • Yoğunluk1578/km²
Zaman dilimiUTC+01.00

Luleå, İsveç'in kuzeydoğusunda bulunan bir kenttir. Kent, Baltık Denizi'nin kuzey kıyılarında, Kuzey Kutup Çizgisi'nin hemen güneyinde kuruludur. Şehir ayrıca Norrbotten ilinin yönetim merkezidir.

Tarih

Şehir merkezi
Luleå Teknik Üniversitesi

Luleå, 13 ve 15. yüzyıllar arasında çok önemli bir İskandinav limanı olarak kuruldu. 1621 yılında kral Gustav II Adolf tarafından kent konumuna yükseltilen Luleå'nın eski kent kalıntıları, bugünkü Gammelstad adı verilen yörededir. Yeni kent merkezi 1649 yılında şimdiki alanına taşındı. Yeni kent merkezi büyük gemilerin yanaşması için gereken derinlikte bir limana sahipti.

Eski kent merkezi olan Gammelstad, UNESCO tarafından Dünya Mirası listesinde yer almaktadır. 1887'de büyük bir yangın kenti baştan sonra yıktı. Sonrasında yeniden inşa edilen kentte, 1893 yılında katedral inşa edildi. Bu katedral 67 metre ile kentin en yüksek yapısıdır.

Coğrafya

Kent, Baltık Denizi'nin en kuzeyindeki Botni Körfezi'nin kıyılarında kuruludur. Kent kıyılarındaki setlerin büyük kısmı insan yapımıdır. Yılda yedi milyon tonluk kargoyla, Luleå, İsveç'in en büyük beşinci limanıdır. Botni Körfezi'nin kışın sürekli donması nedeniyle, mal taşımak için gemiler buz kırıcılarla beraber seyahat etmektedir.

İklim

Luleå soğuk bir iklime sahiptir. Kentte kısa ve serin yazlar, uzun ve soğuk kışlar hakimdir. Kalıcı kar katmanları uzun süre şehirde kalır. Yine de Gulf Stream akıntıları sayesinde, aynı enlemde yer alan diğer dünya kentlerine göre daha ılık bir iklime sahiptir.[1] Kent, ortalama olarak en fazla Temmuz ayında 20 °C'ye kadar yükselir. Ocak ayında ise kent -13 °C'ye kadar iner.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ [1] 24 Ocak 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. gaisma.com

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