Iroko

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Iroko
Milicia excelsa, ní Uganda
Ìṣètò onísáyẹ́nsì [ e ]
Àwọn ẹ̀yà

Milicia excelsa
Milicia regia

Ìrókò jẹ́ igi ńlá tó le gidi (hardwood) láti etíkun ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà olóoru tí ó lè gbé títí di ẹ̀ẹ́dẹ́gbẹ̀ta (500) ọdún.[1] Èyí ni orúkọ gbogbogbò fún ìdílé igi Milicia, nínú èyí tí a ti mọ ẹ̀yà méjì tí wọ́n pẹkí pọ̀ pẹ́kípẹ́kí: Milicia excelsa àti Milicia regia.[2]

Orúkọ ìdílé Milicia wà fún ọlá Milici (ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún àti ogún), alákòóso kan ní Ìlà-oòrùn Áfíríkà ti àwọn Pọ́túgà (ní orílẹ̀-èdè Mozambique lóde òní) ẹni tí ó ṣàtìlẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ ònkọ̀wé ìdílé igi náà, Thomas Robertson Sim.[3] Wọ́n kọ́kọ́ ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ tí wọ́n sì gbé e jáde nínú ìwé Forest Fl. Port. E. Afr. ní ojúewé 97 ní ọdún 1909.[4]

Àwọn Yorùbá mọ igi yìí sí ìrókò, logo tàbí loko, wọ́n sì gbàgbọ́ pé ó ní agbára ìwòsàn.[5] Àwọn Ìgbò mọ Ìrókò sí igi ọjị.[6] Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn igi tí wọ́n sábà máa ń pè ní African teak (teak ti Áfíríkà),[7] bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé kò ní ìbátan kankan pẹ̀lú ìdílé igi teak. Àwọ̀ igi náà máa ń jẹ́ òféèfèé (yellow) níbẹ̀rẹ̀ ṣùgbọ́n yóò yí padà sí àwọ̀ ilẹ̀ tó dúdú púpọ̀ (copper brown) bí àkókò ti ń lọ.

Igi Ìrókò

Àwọn Orúkọ ní Èdè Mìíràn

Àwọn Ẹ̀yà

Wọ́n ń rí igi ìrókò púpọ̀ jùlọ láti ara Milicia excelsa. Nínú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwé nípa igi yìí, orúkọ àwọn igi tó ń pèsè rẹ̀ ni wọ́n pè ní Chlorophora excelsa (tí í ṣe Milicia excelsa) àti Chlorophora regia (tí í ṣe Milicia regia).[13][14]


Milicia excelsa wà lákọsílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ewéko 'tó fẹ́rẹ̀ parun' lórí àtòjọ IUCN Red List.[15]

Àwọn ẹ̀yà méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ igi tí ó ní akọ àti abo lọ́tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ (dioecious), èyí tí ìtànná akọ àti abo rẹ̀ máa ń wà lára igi ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀.[16]

Àwọn Ìwúlò Rẹ̀

Àwòrán igi Ìrókò tí a ti gé

Wọ́n ń lo pákó rẹ̀ fún onírúurú nǹkan nínú ilé àti lóde[17] títí kan ṣíṣe ọkọ̀ ojú-omi, pákó ìlẹ̀ ilé, ohun-ọ̀ṣọ́ ilé (furniture) àti àwọn gétì ìta. Láti ìparí àwọn ọdún 1990, wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara ohun èlò orin txalaparta ti Basque, tí a fi pákó igi ṣe, nítorí ìró dídùn rẹ̀.[18] Ìrókò jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn pákó tí wọ́n ń lò fún ṣíṣe ìlù ìbílẹ̀ djembe.

Igi ìrókò ni pákó tí wọ́n yàn fún àwọn ìjókòó (pew) inú ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì Our Lady of Peace Basilica.[19]

Ó jẹ́ igi tí ó pẹ́ títí gidi;[20] ìrókò kò nílò ìtọ́jú pẹ̀lú epo tàbí omi pákó nígbàgbogbo fún lílò níta, bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé ó ṣòro púpọ̀ láti fi àwọn irinṣẹ́ gbé e nítorí pé ó máa ń fọ́ wẹ́wẹ́ níkèékèé, ó sì máa ń sọ ojú àwọn irinṣẹ́ dúpú kánkán.[21]

Ní orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì (UK), kò sí ìkálọ́wọ́kò kankan fún ọjà àti mímọ pákó rẹ̀ lẹ́rọ. Ìpalára kan ṣoṣo tí a mọ̀ tí eruku ìrókò ń fà ni àrùn ikọ́-fèé (asthma), àrùn awọ ara (dermatitis) àti wíwú ara.[22]

Ìgbàgbọ́ nínú Àṣà

Igi yìí jẹ́ ohun ẹ̀rù nínú àwọn àṣà kan níbi tí ó ti ṣẹ̀wá, fún ìdí èyí wọ́n máa ń sá fún un tàbí bọ̀wọ̀ fún un pẹ̀lú ẹbọ.[23] Àwọn Yorùbá gbàgbọ́ pé igi náà ní ẹ̀mí/àlùjọ̀nnú kan nínú (Olúwéré), àti pé ẹnikẹ́ni tí ó bá fojú kòójú rí 'ọkùnrin-Ìrókò' yóò di wèrè, yóò sì tètè kú.[24] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àṣà Yorùbá, ọkùnrin yíówù tí ó bá gé igi ìrókò lulẹ̀ ń pe oríburúkú kíkàn bá ara rẹ̀ àti gbogbo ìdílé rẹ̀,[24] bótilẹ̀jẹ́pé tí wọ́n bá níláti gé igi náà, wọ́n lè ṣe àdúrà lẹ́yìn rẹ̀ láti dáàbò bo ara wọn.[25]

Wọ́n tún sọ pé wọ́n lè gbọ́ ohùn ẹ̀mí Ìrókò nínú àwọn ilé tí wọ́n fi pákó ìrókò kọ́, nítorí pé ẹ̀mí Ìrókò ti há sínú pákó náà.[24] Ní Nàìjíríà, pákó ìrókò máa ń kù díẹ̀ káàtó nítorí ipò tí ilẹ̀ wà àti ìbàjẹ́ gbòǹgbò (root-rot).[26][27][28] Àwọn ará Ìwọ̀-oòrùn ayé kan máa ń pe igi náà ní "teak àwọn tálákà" ("poor man's teak").[29]

Àwòrán

Àwọn Ìtọ́kasì

  1. ↑ Amadi, Pete (2013-09-01) (in en). Conflicted Destiny: Chronicle of a Natural Born Warrior. FriesenPress. ISBN 978-1-4602-2427-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=ezvpAwAAQBAJ. 
  2. ↑ D.A. Ofori; M.D. Swaine; C. Leifert; J.R. Cobbinah; A.H. Price (December 2001), "Population genetic structure of Milicia species characterised by using RAPD and nucleotide sequencing L.", Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 48 (6): 637–647, Bibcode:2001GRCEv..48..637O, doi:10.1023/A:1013805807957  Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Burkhardt, Lotte (2018). "Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée" (in German). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition. Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5. 
  4. ↑ "Milicia Sim | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online (in Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì). Retrieved 26 October 2021. 
  5. ↑ Oduyoye, Modupe (2015-09-29) (in en). The Sons of the Gods and the Daughters of Men: An Afro-Asiatic Interpretation of Genesis 1-11. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4982-3582-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=6HmoCgAAQBAJ. 
  6. ↑ Onunwa, Udobata R. (2010-06-27) (in en). A Handbook of African Religion and Culture. Dorrance Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4349-5396-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=LPqZQYiF4jEC. 
  7. ↑ Stephen (2023-06-14). "Iroko Wood Is African Teak Lumber 2023" (in Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì). Retrieved 2023-06-20. 
  8. ↑ Thompson, Robert Farris (26 May 2010) (in en). Flash of the Spirit: African & Afro-American Art & Philosophy. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-307-87433-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=DzOIY4iHSjAC&dq=iroko+loko.&pg=PA167. Retrieved 23 September 2024. 
  9. ↑ Wekker, Gloria; Wekker, Gloria (2006). The politics of passion: women's sexual culture in the Afro-Surinamese diaspora. Between men--between women. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13162-9. OCLC ocm61758062. https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm61758062. 
  10. ↑ Wooding, Charles J. (1981). Evolving culture: a cross-cultural study of Suriname, West Africa, and the Caribbean. Washington, D.C: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-8191-1378-8. 
  11. ↑ Blench, Roger (2006). Archaeology, language, and the African past. Altamira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0465-5. 
  12. ↑ Quattrocchi, Umberto (3 February 2023) (in en). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Nmaes: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. CRC Press. p. 1692. ISBN 978-1-000-89773-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=dh2rEAAAQBAJ&dq=iroko+loko.&pg=PA1692. Retrieved 23 September 2024. 
  13. ↑ Àdàkọ:Britannica
  14. ↑ Àdàkọ:ITIS
  15. ↑ Àdàkọ:Cite iucn
  16. ↑ Daïnou, K.; Mahy, G.; Duminil, J.; Dick, C. W.; Doucet, J-L; Donkpégan, A S L.; Pluijgers, M.; Sinsin, B. et al. (2014). "Speciation slowing down in widespread and long-living tree taxa: Insights from the tropical timber tree genus Milicia (Moraceae)". Heredity 113 (1): 74–85. Bibcode 2014Hered.113...74D. doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.5. PMC 4815650. PMID 24549110. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4815650. 
  17. ↑ "Wood Species Database: Iroko". Wood Species Database. Timber Research And Development Association (TRADA). Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ "La txalaparta, el sonido ancestral de Euskadi por Pol Ducable Rogés". CANCIONEROS.COM. Retrieved 2016-03-04. 
  19. ↑ Elleh, Nnamdi (2002-01-01) (in en). Architecture and Power in Africa. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-97679-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=aKoKHmuexywC. 
  20. ↑ Kurjatko, Stanislav; Kúdela, Jozef; Lagaňa, Rastislav (2006-01-01) (in en). Wood Structure and Properties '06. Arbora Publishers. ISBN 978-80-968868-4-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=VfuWr1KxrGYC. 
  21. ↑ Westin, Mike (2013-04-12) (in en). Upgrading Your Boat's Interior. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-4081-5909-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=HikdloJ3Z2gC. 
  22. ↑ "HSE Toxic Woods Information Sheet" (PDF). Health and Safety Executive. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2012. 
  23. ↑ Twilight Tales3. CUP Archive. 1953. p. 26. https://books.google.com/books?id=zHw9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA26. Retrieved 2 April 2011. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Ogumefu, M. I. (1929). Yoruba legends. Forgotten Books. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-60506-017-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=c2nt2Vui0qEC&pg=PA10. 
  25. ↑ (in en) The Church Missionary Juvenile Instructor. Seeley, Jackson, & Halliday. 1880-01-01. https://archive.org/details/churchmissionar01socigoog. 
  26. ↑ (in en) Bulletin of the Imperial Institute. The Institute. 1914-01-01. p. 366. https://books.google.com/books?id=AOsiAQAAIAAJ. 
  27. ↑ Commons, Great Britain Parliament House of (1914-01-01) (in en). House of Commons Papers. H.M. Stationery Office. https://books.google.com/books?id=yeoLAQAAIAAJ. 
  28. ↑ (in en) Documentation and Information: Ecology: Catalogue of Documents and Publications on MAB in Africa. UNESCO's Regional Office. 1990-01-01. https://books.google.com/books?id=zhsoAQAAMAAJ. 
  29. ↑ Hamon, Lindsay (2012-11-07) (in en). When God Takes Over: Stories of hope on the streets. AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4772-3884-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=OblmwE2bFswC. 

Àwọn Ìjápọ̀ Ìta

Àdàkọ:Wikispecies

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