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偵察

提示：此条目页的主题不是刑事侦查。

偵察（英語：reconnaissance），原本是軍事術語，指「利用目視觀測或其他偵測方法，以獲取有關之敵情、天然及地形等情報資料，以為作戰及戰鬥指導之依據。」[1] [2]

中國古時之於偵察的同義字很多，如「詗」[註 1]、「瞷」、「候」[3]、「覘」[註 2]、「斥」[註 3]等；而對於負責偵察的人員也有多種不同稱呼，如「探馬」、「哨探」、「斥候」等。

獲得情報的方法

SR-71A
1944年，一架繪有進攻條紋（英语：Invasion stripes）的P-38閃電式戰鬥機，正在執行空照偵察任務。

偵察的手段不外乎潛入、自友軍獲得情報兩大項。現代戰爭中，由於軍事科技的進步，又可細分成以下方法：

依照任務目標分類

2002年1月26日，美國海軍海豹部隊在阿富汗東部一處懷疑可能存在基地組織和塔利班勢力的區域進行特種偵察。

現代作戰已經走向小組分工合作，故每個偵察組（隊）可能被賦予的內容不同。

偵察手段

  • 目視偵察
  • 偽裝偵察照相
  • 偵察射擊
  • 偵察照明彈
  • 低飛偵察
  • 電視偵察：指使用迷你攝影鏡頭拍攝目標
  • 偵察衛星

偵察載具

德國陸軍的裝甲偵察車
2008年二月9日，在日本沖繩使用兩棲突擊偵察艇進行訓練的美國海軍陸戰隊員

偵察訓練

  • 兩棲偵察演習
  • 空中偵察演習

與『偵查』的異同

更多信息：刑事侦查

在軍事用語中，偵察的本義是偵測與探察；而在刑事司法方面，侦查為偵知與調查。两者雖是相似詞，但內涵不同，現代多有混用情形。

注释

  1. ^ 如「詗伺」即是現代的偵察兵。《資治通鑑》，卷二三二，唐紀四十八，德宗貞元三年：「韋皋復與東蠻和義王苴那時書，使詗伺導達雲南。」
  2. ^ 如「覘兵」。《五代史平話》，晉史，卷下：「日已向暮，張從恩、馬全節、安審琦等在安陽，驚怪皇甫遇等覘兵不歸。
  3. ^ 《左傳》襄公十八年：「晉人使司馬斥山澤之險。」

参考文献

引用

  1. ^ A Dictionary of Aviation, David W. Wragg. ISBN 0850451639 / ISBN 9780850451634, 1st Edition Published by Osprey, 1973 / Published by Frederick Fell, Inc., NY, 1974 (1st American Edition.), Page 222.
  2. ^ 摘自中華民國國軍的《國軍軍語釋要》。
  3. ^ 《說文解字》：「候，司望也。」

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