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理想溶液

理想溶液溶质溶剂混合为溶液时,既不放热,也不吸热,溶液体积适等于溶质体积和溶剂体积之和。 熱力學上而言,理想溶液即為活度等於莫耳分率之溶液,其活性係數值為1。

熱力學中任何溶液的數學式如下:

其中, 為該成分在溶液中之活度 為該成分在溶液中之活性係數 為該成分在溶液中之莫爾分率。 若該溶液為理想溶液,則

实际存在的溶液均不能合于理想溶液的定义,但是溶质分子结构和性质越是与溶剂分子相接近,混合后的溶液行为就越和理想溶液相近。一般来说,稀溶液的行为较浓溶液的行为更加接近理想溶液的行为。最接近理想溶液的溶液模型為規則溶液

化學中代表該溶液溶解時的溶解熱的改變量)為;溶解熱越接近零,則該溶液的行為就越為「理想」。這個概念主要是奠基於化學熱力學及其應用。另一種說法是溶質與溶質之間、溶劑與溶質之間、溶劑與溶劑之間的作用力都相等,則為理想溶液。

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