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黑井城

黑井城
黒井城くろいじょう Kuroi-jō
保月城、保築城
往本丸之虎口遺跡 地图
位置 日本兵庫縣
坐标35°10′45.0″N 135°6′14.6″E / 35.179167°N 135.104056°E / 35.179167; 135.104056
建立者赤松貞範日语赤松貞範
建成时间建武年間
主要城主赤松氏、萩野氏、赤井氏日语丹波赤井氏
齋藤氏、堀尾氏、川勝氏日语川勝氏
建筑风格城郭構造:山城
天守構造:不明
废城時間慶長5年(1600年)
修复者赤井直正齋藤利三堀尾吉晴
现状現存遺跡:石垣、空堀、堀切、土壘
指定文化財:國之史跡

黑井城(日语:黒井城くろいじょう Kuroi-jō *)是一座位於日本兵庫縣丹波市(舊為丹波國冰上郡)的。別名為保月城保築城續日本100名城之一。

歷史

本丸跡
二之丸跡
東曲輪跡
西曲輪跡
帶曲輪跡(1)
帶曲輪跡(2)
三段曲輪跡
黑井城與城寨位置圖

中世

建武2年(1335年),赤松貞範日语赤松貞範被授予丹波國冰上郡春日部莊領地並建築黑井城,經過五代傳承後,由萩野氏接手管轄春日部領地。

天文年間,由荻野秋清日语荻野秋清擔任城主之職,另外赤井氏日语丹波赤井氏當家把次子赤井直正送至萩野氏作為養子,同23年(1554年),直正將秋清暗殺並奪取黑井城,因此被冠上「惡右衛門」之稱號。之後幾年,直正率赤井軍將勢力版圖擴張至丹後但馬。在這期間也全面改修黑井城,現在所看到的遺跡主要為當時整備後的結構 [1]

安土桃山時代

永祿11年(1568年),因織田信長開始上洛,並稱霸中部區域,直正與赤井氏本家臣服於織田氏 [2]。 但之後與但馬山名氏的關係惡化,並向其居城竹田城侵略。當山名氏向信長援助之際,直正藉此機會變為反織田勢力之一。

天正3年(1575年),信長派明智光秀進攻丹波,在包圍黑井城時,於八上城日语八上城波多野氏發生叛變,使得光秀只能撤退。(第一次黑井城之戰日语黒井城の戦い#第一次黒井城の戦い

天正5年(1577年),光秀展開第二次的丹波攻略,翌年直正因病去世,因其子赤井直義日语赤井直義年紀仍小,改由其弟赤井幸家擔任赤井氏的總指揮。同7年(1579年)6月明智軍攻陷八上城,兩個月後也攻陷黑井城,至此結束丹波攻略。(第二次黑井城之戰日语黒井城の戦い#第二次黒井城の戦い

之後光秀指派齋藤利三擔任城主,天正10年(1582年)光秀發起本能寺之變,但在後來的山崎之戰敗給豐臣秀吉,使得丹波變為豐臣氏的領域,黑井城城主則由堀尾吉晴擔任。同12年(1584年),羽柴軍與德川軍之間發生小牧、長久手之戰赤井時直日语赤井時直與德川軍呼應,趁機奪取黑井城和余田城 [3]慶長5年(1600年),川勝秀氏日语川勝秀氏德川家康之命令擔負城主職務[4],不久後黑井城招致廢城。

近代

平成元年(1989年),被指定為國家史跡。

平成29年(2017年),被選為續日本100名城(163號)。

構造

本城

在約150公尺長、約40公尺寬的山頂之本城部分,由西北至東南方向分別以本丸、二之丸、三之丸設置排列。而在周圍配置東曲輪、西曲輪和帶曲輪[1]。另外在大手口、二之丸、本丸等區域有石垣,其皆以野面積堆砌而成。

出丸

以本城為中心向外延伸,在朝北和東南方向的山脊分別設置西之丸和東出丸等大曲輪,兩曲輪皆有堀切和土壘[2],可防止敵軍直入山頂。小曲輪方面則是南邊的石踏之段、太鼓之段,以及北邊的北之丸。

城寨

最外圍的城寨群與出丸不同的是,其獨立性高,得使防禦機更加提升。本城的東北方向為龍鼻砦,在東西側有細長狀曲輪,北側有帶曲輪。此砦東邊為百間馬場,其處未找到遺跡。而在本城的西北方向為千丈寺砦,山頂具長寬約30公尺的梯形曲輪,和西北側之斜面具腰曲輪和豎堀。在東出丸和東山砦間之的場砦,未找到有曲輪遺跡。[2]

山麓居館跡

興禪寺於南邊的山麓處,此建築外側設置堀和石垣,作為城主平時居住的場所,亦為春日局之誕生地。若要到本城須經三段曲輪和石階之段。

歷代城主

黑井城歷代城主一覽
就任期間 氏族 城主
1335~不明 赤松氏
不明~1554 萩野氏
諸位
1554~1578 赤井氏日语丹波赤井氏
1578~1582 齋藤氏
1582~1584 堀尾氏
1584
赤井氏日语丹波赤井氏
1600
川勝氏日语川勝氏

交通方式

電車
汽車

備註

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 黒井城跡. [2022-08-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-09). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 仁木宏、福島克彦. 近畿の名城を歩く 大阪・兵庫・和歌山編. 日本: 吉川弘文館. 2015-02-23. ISBN 9784642082648 (日语). 
  3. ^ 国史跡黒井城跡パンフレット (PDF). [2022-08-14]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-08-14). 
  4. ^ 黒井城. kotobank (日语). 

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