在三天後的9月7日,民眾繼續上街示威,而且人數有增無減,氣氛變得嚴肅和激進,當天有示威者提出了新的口號,呼籲建立伊斯蘭共和國[144]。在當晚,沙阿促使政府在德黑蘭及另外11個城市宣佈戒嚴,並實施宵禁。不過,不管是故意違反戒嚴令還是不知道戒嚴的實施,有約5,000名示威者在9月8日上街,他們在賈勒廣場與軍警爆發衝突。在警告無效的情況下,負責在德黑蘭實施戒嚴的戈拉姆·阿里·奧韋西(英语:Gholam Ali Oveissi)下令軍人向人群開火,造成至少64人死亡,奧韋西稱軍方亦有約30人死亡。當天爆發了數次衝突,合共造成89位示威者喪生,被稱為「黑色星期五(英语:Black Friday (1978))」,含義與1905年俄國革命的血腥星期日相約[142][123]。
霍梅尼曾經提議賦權予遜尼派少數民族,他們可在庫爾德人佔多數的地區設立宗教法院,但侯賽尼等庫爾德族領導人認為這未足以符合他們的自治訴求。庫爾德人與革命衛隊在馬哈巴德、薩南達季爆發流血衝突,期間左翼游擊隊與庫爾德人並肩作戰,更令霍梅尼擔憂共產勢力圖謀滲透和支解伊朗,像1946年的馬哈巴德共和國一樣扶植一個獨立的庫爾德族共和國,他認為這對革命政府構成威脅,使雙方更難和解[215][216]。政權對庫爾德斯坦民主黨和庫德斯坦科馬拉黨(英语:Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan)控制的庫爾德人地區發動軍事行動,佔領多個城市,抵抗的庫爾德武裝分子退至鄉郊開展游擊戰,戰事逐漸平息[217]。
一個叫建設聖戰運動(英语:Jihad of Construction)的革命組織亦配合伊斯蘭共和黨及霍梅尼在鄉郊爭取支持及打擊政敵。它擁有數千名活躍分子,他們有不同的背景。建設聖戰運動在鄉郊開展宏大的開發計劃,改善鄕村的基建,提供農業支援、財政資助、教育及醫療服務,發動政治宣傳及傳教,又會組織集會,指責異見人士,試圖影響選舉結果[228]。
於是在11月4日,約400位自稱「伊瑪目的門徒(英语:Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line)」的大學生攀越美國駐伊朗大使館的圍牆佔領大使館,開始為期444天的人質危機,脅持者稱為「第二次伊斯蘭革命」。為了抗議霍梅尼不下令那些激進分子釋放人質,巴扎爾甘攜內閣辭職,支持霍梅尼的派系承認他們借機趕走巴扎爾甘及民主派,因為「他們偏離了伊瑪目(霍梅尼)的路線」[249]。霍梅尼亦承認他利用人質危機來獲取政治利益,他向當時臨時政府的外交部長巴尼薩德爾談及支持脅迫人質的好處:
革命後的新政權為了建立一個伊斯蘭教為主導的社會,開始向教育系統和大學施壓。禮薩汗在20世紀初引入的新式教育體制一改過往由宗教學校把持的舊制,現代的大學成為了傳統教育模式的威脅,新政權的掌權者不信任大學,認為它們是服務帝國主義者,是伊斯蘭教的敵人。伊斯蘭議會發言人吳拉姆-阿里·哈達德-阿德爾斥責西方人在伊朗建立大學的目的是「鼓吹政教分離,宣揚世俗主義」。此外,巴列維王朝的大學成為政治啟蒙之地,使大學不僅是一個學習的場所,還成為引發政治討論的中心,這種情況一直延續至革命後,伊斯蘭共和國於是發動文化革命(英语:Iranian Cultural Revolution),確立政權在政治和文化上的領導地位[265]。
霍梅尼在1980年3月21日的納吾肉孜節發動文化革命,他強調有必要「在伊朗的所有大學發起伊斯蘭革命」,以「清洗受東方和西方文化影響的教師」,「在大學創造健康的環境,以供學生學習伊斯蘭知識」。在霍梅尼的指令下,伊朗的大學在1980年春季開始關閉,又組成文化革命委員會(英语:Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution)。委員會負責訓練和挑選在大學授課的教師、學生的取錄及伊斯蘭化大學的環境[266]。教職員和管理層須同意承擔伊斯蘭化的任務,否則面臨解僱。教育機構裡的伊斯蘭學生組織扮演著重要的角色,對教職員和學生施壓[267]。
在這種新的政治體制下,革命後的政治秩序仍未穩固,各方爭相競逐政制第二梯隊的權力。繼溫和派在1979年遭驅逐後,以拉夫桑賈尼為首的務實派在霍梅尼逝世後取代了激進派,後者在1990年代被當時冒起的強硬派趕走[291]。議會的情況亦相若,在1992年的第四屆議會選舉中,老革命派不是被憲法監護委員會取消資格,便是未能當選,邁赫迪·卡魯比、阿里·阿克巴爾·穆哈沙米普爾(英语:Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur)等影響力較大的議員都失去了議席[292]。
石油產業工人參與罷工癱瘓了伊朗經濟,引發第二次石油危機[306]。伊朗的石油出口在1979年12月停滯,令全球石油市場陷入恐慌,恐慌性的購買把現貨價格推高150%至每桶34美元。第二次石油危機導致全球國內生產總值下跌了3%[307]。儘管新政府試圖擺脫對石油的倚賴,但伊朗經濟在革命後的十數年內依然與石油收入緊密相連[308]。因通脹導致政府的石油收入減少,革命後的伊朗陷入經濟衰退,失業率高企,在750萬非農業勞工當中,估計有200至300萬人失業。根據伊朗工業和礦業部(英语:Ministry of Industries and Mines (Iran))的數字,與革命前比較,1980年春季只有59%的工業機器仍然運作,而且只保持80%的產能[309]。
Buchan, James, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and Its Consequences, Simon and Schuster, 2013, ISBN 1416597824(英语)
Leonard, Thomas M., Encyclopedia of the Developing World, Routledge, 2013, ISBN 1135205086(英语)
Haggett, Peter, Encyclopedia of World Geography 24, Marshall Cavendish, 2002, ISBN 0761472894(英语)
Mueller, Chelsi, The Origins of the Arab-Iranian Conflict: Nationalism and Sovereignty in the Gulf between the World Wars, Cambridge University Press, 2020, ISBN 1108489087(英语)
Adle, Chahryar, History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period : from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century, UNESCO, 2005, ISBN 9231039857(英语)
Habeeb, William M., The Middle East in Turmoil: Conflict, Revolution, and Change: Conflict, Revolution, and Change, ABC-CLIO, 2012, ISBN 0313085145(英语)
Gasiorowski, Mark J.; Byrne, Malcolm, Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran, Syracuse University Press, 2015, ISBN 0815630174(英语)
Hastedt, Glenn P., Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy, Infobase Publishing, 2014, ISBN 143810989X(英语)
Smith, W. Thomas, Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency, Infobase Publishing, 2003, ISBN 143813018X(英语)
Koch, Bettina, Patterns Legitimizing Political Violence in Transcultural Perspectives: Islamic and Christian Traditions and Legacies, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015, ISBN 1614513945(英语)
Povey, T., Social Movements in Egypt and Iran, Springer, 2016, ISBN 1137379006(英语)
Ansari, Ali M., The Politics of Nationalism in Modern Iran, Cambridge University Press, 2012, ISBN 0521687179(英语)
Moaddel, Mansoor, Islamic Modernism, Nationalism, and Fundamentalism: Episode and Discourse, University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0226533336(英语)
Pirzadeh, Ali, Iran Revisited: Exploring the Historical Roots of Culture, Economics, and Society, Springer, 2016, ISBN 3319304852(英语)
Mandaville, Peter, Global Political Islam, Routledge, 2010, ISBN 1134341369(英语)
Holt, Peter Malcolm; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard, The Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1B, The Central Islamic Lands Since 1918, Cambridge University Press, 1977, ISBN 0521291364(英语)
Deutschmann, Moritz, Iran and Russian Imperialism: The Ideal Anarchists, 1800-1914, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 1317385314(英语)
IBP, Inc, Iran Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments, Lulu.com, 2012, ISBN 1438774621(英语)
Arjomand, Said Amir, Shi'ite Islam and the Revolution in Iran, Government and Opposition, 1981, 16 (3): 296–316, doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.1981.tb00313.x(英语)
Keddie, Nikki R., Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution: Updated Edition, Yale University Press, 2006, ISBN 0300121059(英语)
Ismael, Tareq Y, Government and Politics of the Contemporary Middle East: Continuity and change, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 1317662830(英语)
Hough, Major Thomas M., 1979 And The Re-Emergence Of The Islamic Empire, Pickle Partners Publishing, 2014, ISBN 1782896120(英语)
Milani, Mohsen M, The Making Of Iran's Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy To Islamic Republic, Second Edition, Routledge, 2018, ISBN 0429963009(英语)
Curta, Florin; Holt, Andrew, Great Events in Religion: An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History, ABC-CLIO, 2016, ISBN 1610695666(英语)
Omid, Homa, Islam and the Post-Revolutionary State in Iran, Springer, 2016, ISBN 1349232467(英语)
Kamali, Masoud, Revolutionary Iran: Civil Society and State in the Modernization Process, Routledge, 2018, ISBN 0429824998(英语)
Berlatsky, Noah, The Iranian Revolution, Greenhaven Publishing LLC, 2012, ISBN 0737757930(英语)
Adib-Moghaddam, Arshin, A Critical Introduction to Khomeini, Cambridge University Press, 2014, ISBN 1107012678(英语)
Kalder, Daniel, The Infernal Library: On Dictators, the Books They Wrote, and Other Catastrophes of Literacy, Henry Holt and Company, 2018, ISBN 1627793437(英语)
Juergensmeyer, Mark; Roof, Wade Clark, Encyclopedia of Global Religion, Volume 1, SAGE, 2012, ISBN 0761927298(英语)
Willett, Edward, Ayatollah Khomeini, The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2003, ISBN 0823944654(英语)
Abrahamian, Ervand, Iran Between Two Revolutions, Princeton University Press, 2021, ISBN 1400844096(英语)
Sharifi, Majid, Imagining Iran: The Tragedy of Subaltern Nationalism, Lexington Books, 2013, ISBN 0739179454(英语)
Anderson, Gary L.; Herr, Kathryn G., Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice, SAGE Publications, 2007, ISBN 1452265658(英语)
Goldberg, Ori, Shi'i Theology in Iran: The Challenge of Religious Experience, Routledge, 2011, ISBN 1136649042(英语)
Shaw, Jeffrey M.; Demy, Timothy J., War and Religion: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict, ABC-CLIO, 2017, ISBN 161069516X(英语)
Cataldo, Jeremiah W., Theocratic Yehud?: Issues of Government in a Persian Province, T&T Clark Int'l, 2009, ISBN 0567599345(英语)
Tamadonfar, Mehran, Islamic Law and Governance in Contemporary Iran: Transcending Islam for Social, Economic, and Political Order, Lexington Books, 2015, ISBN 1498507573(英语)
Keddie, N., Iran and the Muslim World: Resistance and Revolution, Springer, 1995, ISBN 0230389643(英语)
Parsa, Misagh, States, Ideologies, and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of Iran, Nicaragua, and the Philippines, Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 0521774306(英语)
Zahedi, Dariush, The Iranian Revolution Then and Now: Indicators of Regime Instability, Perseus, 2001, ISBN 0813338719(英语)
Abrahamian, Ervand, Iran Between Two Revolutions, Princeton University Press, 1982, ISBN 9780691101347(英语)
Abrahamian, Ervand, A History of Modern Iran, Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 1107198348(英语)
Benjamin, Thomas, Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450: P-Z, Macmillan Reference USA, 2007, ISBN 0028658469(英语)
Spellman, W. M., A Concise History of the World Since 1945: States and Peoples, Macmillan Education UK, 2006, ISBN 0230211208(英语)
Dareini, Ali Akbar, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein Fardust, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1998, ISBN 8120816420(英语)
Wagner, Heather Lehr, The Iranian Revolution, Infobase Publishing, 2010, ISBN 1438132360(英语)
Wagner, Heather Lehr, Iran, Second Edition, Infobase Publishing, 2009, ISBN 1438105754(英语)
O'Connor, Kaori, The Never-ending Feast: The Anthropology and Archaeology of Feasting, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015, ISBN 1472520939(英语)
Takeyh, Ray, The Last Shah, Yale University Press, 2021, ISBN 030021779X(英语)
Farman-Farmaian, Sattareh; Munker, Dona, Daughter of Persia: A Woman's Journey from Her Father's Harem Through the Islamic Revolution, Anchor Books, 1993, ISBN 0385468660(英语)
Gelvin, James L., The Modern Middle East: A History, Oxford University Press, 2011, ISBN 0199766053(英语)
Afkhami, Gholam Reza, The Life and Times of the Shah, University of California Press, 2009, ISBN 0520942167(英语)
Zahedi, Dariush, The Iranian Revolution Then And Now: Indicators Of Regime Instability, Routledge, 2018, ISBN 042996496X(英语)
Amuzegar, Jahangir, Dynamics of the Iranian Revolution: The Pahlavis' Triumph and Tragedy, SUNY Press, 1991, ISBN 0791407314(英语)
Milani, Abbas, The Shah, St. Martin's Publishing Group, 2011, ISBN 0230115624(英语)
Ruthven, Malise, Islam in the World, Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN 0195305035(英语)
Sanderson, Stephen K., Revolutions: A Worldwide Introduction to Political and Social Change, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 1317264576(英语)
Daneshvar, Parviz, Revolution in Iran, Springer, 2016, ISBN 1349140627(英语)
Steele, Robert, The Shah’s Imperial Celebrations of 1971: Nationalism, Culture and Politics in Late Pahlavi Iran, I.B. Tauris, 2020, ISBN 1838604170(英语)
Rubin, Barry, The Middle East: A Guide to Politics, Economics, Society and Culture, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 1317455789(英语)
Molavi, Afshin, The Soul of Iran: A Nation's Struggle for Freedom, W. W. Norton & Company, 2010, ISBN 0393078752(英语)
Ehteshami, Anoushiravan, Iran: Stuck in Transition, Taylor & Francis, 2017, ISBN 1351985450(英语)
Avery, Peter; Hambly, G. R. G.; Melville, C., The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 0521200954(英语)
Amanat, Abbas, Iran: A Modern History, Yale University Press, 2017, ISBN 0300231466(英语)
Tomlinson, Robert, Covering the Shi`a: English Press Representation of the Lebanese Shi`a 1975–1985, Rowman & Littlefield, 2018, ISBN 1498565484(英语)
Alvandi, Roham, Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The United States and Iran in the Cold War, Oxford University Press, 2016, ISBN 0190610689(英语)
Sneh, Itai Nartzizenfield, The Future Almost Arrived: How Jimmy Carter Failed to Change U.S. Foreign Policy, Peter Lang, 2008, ISBN 0820481858(英语)
Katouzian, Homa, Iran: Politics, History and Literature, Routledge, 2013, ISBN 0415636892(英语)
Orme, John D., Political Instability and American Foreign Policy: The Middle Options, Springer, 1989, ISBN 1349103969(英语)
Boroujerdi, Mehrzad, Iranian Intellectuals and the West: The Tormented Triumph of Nativism, Syracuse University Press, 1996, ISBN 0815627262(英语)
Arjomand, Said Amir, The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran, Oxford University Press, 1988, ISBN 0195042581(英语)
Hiro, Dilip, Iran under the Ayatollahs (Routledge Revivals), Routledge, 2013, ISBN 1135043817(英语)
Abrahamian, Ervand, The Guerrilla Movement in Iran, 1963-1977, MERIP Reports (Middle East Research and Information Project), 1980, 86: 3–15 (英语)
Atkins, Stephen E., Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 0313324859(英语)
Hovsepian-Bearce, Yvette, The Political Ideology of Ayatollah Khamenei: Out of the Mouth of the Supreme Leader of Iran, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 1317605829(英语)
Munson, Henry, Islam and Revolution in the Middle East, Yale University Press, 1988, ISBN 0300046049(英语)
Ganji, Manouchehr, Defying the Iranian Revolution: From a Minister to the Shah to a Leader of Resistance, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 0275971872(英语)
Axworthy, Michael, Revolutionary Iran: A History of the Islamic Republic, Oxford University Press, 2016, ISBN 0190468963(英语)
Nikazmerad, Nicholas M., A Chronological Survey of the Iranian Revolution, Iranian Studies (Taylor & Francis), 1980, 13 (1/4): 327–368 (英语)
Ghazvinian, John, America and Iran: A History, 1720 to the Present, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2021, ISBN 0525659323(英语)
Foran, John, Taking Power: On the Origins of Third World Revolutions, Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 1139445189(英语)
Fischer, Michael M. J., Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution, Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2003, ISBN 0299184730(英语)
Roberts, Mark J., Khomeini's Incorporation of the Iranian Military, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, 1996 (英语)
Bayandor, Darioush, The Shah, the Islamic Revolution and the United States, Springer, 2018, ISBN 3319961195(英语)
Amjad, Mohammed, Iran: From Royal Dictatorship to Theocracy, Greenwood Press, 1989, ISBN 0313264414(英语)
Shajari, Sadegh, Chain Reaction and Chaos: Toward Modern Persia, University Press of America, 2014, ISBN 0761865225(英语)
Foran, John, Fragile Resistance: Social Transformation In Iran From 1500 To The Revolution, Routledge, 2019, ISBN 0429722869(英语)
Tucker, Spencer C., The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts that Changed World History, ABC-CLIO, 2017, ISBN 1440842949(英语)
Hiro, Dilip, Holy Wars (Routledge Revivals): The Rise of Islamic Fundamentalism, Routledge, 2013, ISBN 1135048312(英语)
Sloan, Stephen; Anderson, Sean K., Historical Dictionary of Terrorism, Scarecrow Press, 2009, ISBN 0810863111(英语)
Harney, Desmond, The Priest and the King: Eyewitness Account of the Iranian Revolution, I.B. Tauris, 1998, ISBN 1860643744(英语)
Al-Rodhan, N.; Herd, G.; Watanabe, L., Critical Turning Points in the Middle East: 1915 - 2015, Springer, 2011, ISBN 0230306764(英语)
Shahidi, Hossein, Journalism in Iran: From Mission to Profession, Routledge, 2007, ISBN 1134093918(英语)
Bashiriyeh, Hossein, The State and Revolution in Iran (RLE Iran D), Taylor & Francis, 2012, ISBN 1136820892(英语)
Brotons, Jean-Charles, U.S. Officials and the Fall of the Shah: Some Safe Contraction Interpretations, Lexington Books, 2012, ISBN 073913342X(英语)
Simons, Geoff, Iraq: From Sumer to Saddam, Springer, 2016, ISBN 1349247634(英语)
Seliktar, Ofira, Failing the Crystal Ball Test: The Carter Administration and the Fundamentalist Revolution in Iran, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000, ISBN 0275968723(英语)
Varzi, Roxanne, Warring Souls: Youth, Media, and Martyrdom in Post-Revolution Iran, Duke University Press, 2006, ISBN 0822337215(英语)
Armajani, Jon, Shia Islam and Politics: Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon, Rowman & Littlefield, 2020, ISBN 1793621365(英语)
Murray, Donette, US Foreign Policy and Iran: American-Iranian Relations Since the Islamic Revolution, Routledge, 2009, ISBN 1135219893(英语)
Kaufman, Burton Ira, The Carter Years, Infobase Publishing, 2009, ISBN 0816074585(英语)
Tucker, Ernest, The Middle East in Modern World History, Routledge, 2016, ISBN 1315508249(英语)
Peretz, Don, The Middle East Today, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1994, ISBN 0275945766(英语)
Ende, Werner; Brunner, Rainer, The Twelver Shia in Modern Times: Religious Culture & Political History, BRILL, 2021, ISBN 9004492038(英语)
Guerrero, Javier Gil, The Carter Administration and the Fall of Iran’s Pahlavi Dynasty: US-Iran Relations on the Brink of the 1979 Revolution, Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016, ISBN 1137598719(英语)
Maloney, Suzanne, Iran's Political Economy since the Revolution, Cambridge University Press, 2015, ISBN 0521506344(英语)
Ward, Steven R., Immortal, Updated Edition: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces, Georgetown University Press, 2014, ISBN 1626160325(英语)
Daniel, Elton L., The History of Iran, ABC-CLIO, 2012, ISBN 0313375097(英语)
Campanini, Massimo; Di Donato, Marco, Islamic Political Theology, Rowman & Littlefield, 2021, ISBN 1498590594(英语)
Paidar, Parvin, Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran, Cambridge University Press, 1997, ISBN 052159572X(英语)
Vahabzadeh, Peyman, A Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and Fadai Period of National Liberation in Iran, 1971-1979, Syracuse University Press, 2010, ISBN 0815651473(英语)
Pipes, Daniel, The Hidden Hand: Middle East Fears of Conspiracy, Palgrave Macmillan, 1998, ISBN 0312176880(英语)
Irfani, Suroosh, Iran's Islamic Revolution: Popular Liberation Or Religious Dictatorship?, Zed Books, 1983, ISBN 0862321573(英语)
Moghissi, Haideh, Populism and Feminism in Iran: Women’s Struggle in a Male-Defined Revolutionary Movement, Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996, ISBN 033367412X(英语)
Acar, Hasan; Deniş, Halil Emre, Security Issues in the Context of Political Violence and Terrorism of the 21st Century, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2021, ISBN 1527565130(英语)
Shahibzadeh, Yadullah, Islamism and Post-Islamism in Iran: An Intellectual History, Springer, 2016, ISBN 1137578254(英语)
Hunter, Shireen T., Iran Divided: The Historical Roots of Iranian Debates on Identity, Culture, and Governance in the Twenty-First Century, Rowman & Littlefield, 2014, ISBN 1442233206(英语)
Jahanpour, Farhang, Iran: The Rise and Fall of the Tudeh Party, The World Today (Royal Institute of International Affairs), 1984, 40 (4): 152–159 (英语)
Conge, Patrick J., From Revolution to War: State Relations in a World of Change, University of Michigan Press, 2000, ISBN 0472085786(英语)
Bashiriyeh, Hossein, The State and Revolution in Iran, Routledge, 2011, ISBN 0415613361(英语)
Gheissari, Ali; Nasr, Vali, Democracy in Iran: History and the Quest for Liberty, Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN 0198040873(英语)
Ciment, James, World Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 131745152X(英语)
Hassaniyan, Allan, Kurdish Politics in Iran, Cambridge University Press, 2021, ISBN 1316516431(英语)
O'Ballance, E., The Kurdish Struggle, 1920-94, Palgrave Macmillan, 1996, ISBN 0312160062(英语)
Phillips, David L., The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East, Routledge, 2017, ISBN 1351480375(英语)
Gumustekin, Deniz, Kurds Under Threat: The Role of Kurdish Transnational Networks During Peace and Conflict, Rowman & Littlefield, 2021, ISBN 1793643342(英语)
Entessar, Nader, The Kurds in Post-Revolutionary Iran and Iraq, Third World Quarterly (Taylor & Francis), 1984, 6 (4): 911–933 (英语)
Gurses, Mehmet; Romano, David; Gunter, Michael M., The Kurds in the Middle East: Enduring Problems and New Dynamics, Rowman & Littlefield, 2020, ISBN 1793643342(英语)
Johnson, Thomas A., Power, National Security, and Transformational Global Events: Challenges Confronting America, China, and Iran, CRC Press, 2012, ISBN 1439884226(英语)
Ahrari, Ehsan M., The Islamic Challenge and the United States: Global Security in an Age of Uncertainty, McGill-Queen's Press, 2017, ISBN 077354836X(英语)
Soliman, Amany Salaheldin; Coskun, G., Guardians Or Oppressors: Civil-Military Relations and Democratisation in the Mediterranean Region, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015, ISBN 1443877719(英语)
Forozan, Hesam, The Military in Post-Revolutionary Iran: The Evolution and Roles of the Revolutionary Guards, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 1317430743(英语)
Sinkaya, Bayram, The Revolutionary Guards in Iranian Politics: Elites and Shifting Relations, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 1317525647(英语)
Shahrokhi, Shapour, Consolidation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Master's Theses, 1990, 21, doi:10.31979/etd.tjvw-c9zf(英语)
Hovsepian-Bearce, Yvette, The Political Ideology of Ayatollah Khamenei: Out of the Mouth of the Supreme Leader of Iran, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 1317605829(英语)
Lob, Eric, Iran's Reconstruction Jihad: Rural Development and Regime Consolidation after 1979, Cambridge University Press, 2020, ISBN 1108487440(英语)
Galligan, Denis J.; Versteeg, Mila, Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions, Cambridge University Press, 2013, ISBN 1107032881(英语)
Banai, Hussein, Hidden Liberalism: Burdened Visions of Progress in Modern Iran, Cambridge University Press, 2020, ISBN 1108495591(英语)
Leverett, Flynt; Leverett, Hillary Mann, Going to Tehran: Why the United States Must Come to Terms with the Islamic Republic of Iran, Henry Holt and Company, 2013, ISBN 142997334X(英语)
Lolaki, Seyed Mohammad, Diverging Approaches of Political Islamic Thought in Iran since the 1960s, Springer Nature, 2019, ISBN 9811504784(英语)
Ghamari-Tabrizi, Behrooz, Islam and Dissent in Postrevolutionary Iran: Abdolkarim Soroush, Religious Politics and Democratic Reform, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2008, ISBN 1786734923(英语)
Ramazani, Rouhollah K., Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Middle East Journal (Middle East Institute), 1980, 34 (2): 181–204 (英语)
Leandro, Francisco José B. S.; Branco, Carlos; Caba-Maria, Flavius, The Geopolitics of Iran, Springer Nature, 2021, ISBN 9811635641(英语)
Katouzian, Homa; Shahidi, Hossein, Iran in the 21st Century: Politics, Economics & Conflict, Routledge, 2007, ISBN 1134077602(英语)
Poulson, Stephen C., Social Movements in Twentieth-century Iran: Culture, Ideology, and Mobilizing Frameworks, Lexington Books, 2006, ISBN 0739117572(英语)
Farber, David, Taken Hostage: The Iran Hostage Crisis and America's First Encounter with Radical Islam, Princeton University Press, 2004, ISBN 0691119163(英语)
O'Hern, Steven, Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While America Sleeps, Potomac Books, Inc., 2012, ISBN 1597977012(英语)
Takeyh, Ray, Guardians of the Revolution: Iran and the World in the Age of the Ayatollahs, Oxford University Press, 2011, ISBN 0199754101(英语)
Lorentz, John H., The A to Z of Iran, Scarecrow Press, 2010, ISBN 1461731917(英语)
Lentz, Harris M., Heads of States and Governments Since 1945, Routledge, 2014, ISBN 1134264909(英语)
Parsa, Misagh, Democracy in Iran: Why It Failed and How It Might Succeed, Harvard University Press, 2016, ISBN 0674974298(英语)
Farjami, Mahmud, Iranian Political Satirists: Experience and motivation in the contemporary era, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017, ISBN 9027265755(英语)
Khiabany, Gholam, Iranian Media: The Paradox of Modernity, Routledge, 2009, ISBN 1135894906(英语)
Afshar, Haleh, Iran: A Revolution in Turmoil, Springer, 1985, ISBN 1349179663(英语)
Nima, Ramy, The Wrath of Allah: Islamic Revolution and Reaction in Iran, Pluto Press, 1983, ISBN 0861047338(英语)
Fathollah-Nejad, Ali, Iran in an Emerging New World Order: From Ahmadinejad to Rouhani, Springer Nature, 2021, ISBN 9811560749(英语)
Razavi, Reza, The Cultural Revolution in Iran, with Close Regard to the Universities, and Its Impact on the Student Movement, Middle Eastern Studies (Taylor & Francis), 2019, 45 (1): 1–17 (英语)
Vahabzadeh, Peyman, Iran’s Struggles for Social Justice: Economics, Agency, Justice, Activism, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, ISBN 3319442260(英语)
Lawson, George, Anatomies of Revolution, Cambridge University Press, 2019, ISBN 1108482686(英语)
Karsh, Efraim, The Iran-Iraq War, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2019, ISBN 1435874994(英语)
Rubin, Barry, Crises in the Contemporary Persian Gulf, Routledge, 2013, ISBN 1135288828(英语)
Cordesman, Anthony H., Iraq and the War of Sanctions: Conventional Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999, ISBN 0275965287(英语)
Esposito, John L., The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality?, Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0199727201(英语)
Yetiv, Steve A., Crude Awakenings: Global Oil Security and American Foreign Policy, Cornell University Press, 2010, ISBN 0801459427(英语)
Karsh, Efraim, The Iran-Iraq War: Impact and Implications, Springer, 1989, ISBN 1349200506(英语)
Mallat, Chibli, Philosophy of Nonviolence: Revolution, Constitutionalism, and Justice beyond the Middle East, Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 0199394229(英语)
Richards, Michael D., Revolutions in World History, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0415224985(英语)
Haynes, Jeffrey, Routledge Handbook of Religion and Politics, Routledge, 2016, ISBN 1317287479(英语)
Hawkesworth, M. E.; Kogan, Maurice, Encyclopedia of Government and Politics 1, Psychology Press, 2004, ISBN 0415276233(英语)
Shakeri, Masha'allah, Islamic Revolution of Iran: Consequences and Achievements, Pakistan Horizon (Pakistan Institute of International Affairs), 2009, 62 (2/3): 7–12 (英语)
Moazami, Behrooz, State, Religion, and Revolution in Iran, 1796 to the Present, Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013, ISBN 1137325887(英语)
Rakel, Eva, Power, Islam, and Political Elite in Iran: A Study on the Iranian Political Elite from Khomeini to Ahmadinejad, BRILL, 2008, ISBN 9047425081(英语)
Brumberg, Daniel; Farhi, Farideh, Power and Change in Iran: Politics of Contention and Conciliation, Indiana University Press, 2016, ISBN 025302076X(英语)
Arjomand, Said Amir, After Khomeini: Iran Under His Successors, Oxford University Press, 2009, ISBN 0199745765(英语)
Green, M. Christian, Law, Religion and Human Flourishing in Africa, AFRICAN SUN MeDIA, 2019, ISBN 1928314597(英语)
Buck, Christopher, Baha’i Faith: The Basics, Routledge, 2020, ISBN 0429665741(英语)
Choksy, Jamsheed K., Non-Muslim Religious Minorities in Contemporary Iran, Iran & the Caucasus (Brill), 2012, 16 (3): 271–299 (英语)
Messkoub, Mahmood, Social Policy in Iran in the Twentieth Century, Iranian Studies (Taylor & Francis), 2006, 39 (2): 227–252, doi:10.1080/00210860600628773(英语)
Farzanegan, Mohammad Reza; Alaedini, Pooya, Economic Welfare and Inequality in Iran: Developments since the Revolution, Springer, 2016, ISBN 1349950254(英语)
Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal; McDonald, Peter; Hosseini-Chavoshi, Meimanat, The Fertility Transition in Iran: Revolution and Reproduction, Springer Science & Business Media, 2009, ISBN 9048131987(英语)
Rabiei, Kamran, Social Policy Under Sociopolitical Changes in the Post-revolutionary Iran, 1979–2013, Contemporary Review of the Middle East (Sage Publications), 2018, 6 (1): 1–28, doi:10.1177/2347798918812264(英语)
Harris, Kevan, A Social Revolution: Politics and the Welfare State in Iran, Univ of California Press, 2017, ISBN 0520965841(英语)
Erdodu, M. Mustafa; Christiansen, Bryan, Comparative Political and Economic Perspectives on the MENA Region, IGI Global, 2015, ISBN 146669601X(英语)
Laachir, Karima; Talajooy, Saeed, Resistance in Contemporary Middle Eastern Cultures: Literature, Cinema and Music, Routledge, 2013, ISBN 0415893372(英语)
Jahed, Parviz, Directory of World Cinema: Iran, Intellect Books, 2012, ISBN 1841505951(英语)
Lotfalian, Mazyar, The Iranian Scientific Community and Its Diaspora after the Islamic Revolution, Anthropological Quarterly (The George Washington University Institute for Ethnographic Research), 2009, 82 (1): 229–250, doi:10.1353/anq.0.0040(英语)
Cohen, Jared, Iran's Young Opposition: Youth in Post-Revolutionary Iran, SAIS Review of International Affairs (Johns Hopkins University Press), 2006, 26 (2): 3–16, doi:10.1353/sais.2006.0031(英语)
Shojai, Siamack, The New Global Oil Market: Understanding Energy Issues in the World Economy, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995, ISBN 0275945839(英语)
Cleveland, Cutler J.; Morris, Christopher G., Handbook of Energy: Chronologies, Top Ten Lists, and Word Clouds, Elsevier, 2013, ISBN 0124170196(英语)
Amuzegar, Jahangir, The Islamic Republic of Iran: Reflections on an Emerging Economy, Routledge, 2014, ISBN 1857437489(英语)
Clawson, Patrick, Iran's Economy: Between Crisis and Collapse, MERIP Reports (Middle East Research and Information Project), 1981, 98: 11–15 (英语)
Karbassian, Akbar, Islamic Revolution and the Management of the Iranian Economy, Social Research (The Johns Hopkins University Press), 2000, 67 (2): 621–640 (英语)
Pesaran, Evaleila, Iran's Struggle for Economic Independence: Reform and Counter-Reform in the Post-Revolutionary Era, Taylor & Francis, 2011, ISBN 1136735577(英语)
Ghasimi, M. R., The Iranian Economy After the Revolution: An Economic Appraisal of the Five-Year Plan, International Journal of Middle East Studies (Cambridge University Press), 1992, 24 (4): 599–614, doi:10.1017/s0020743800022364(英语)
Amuzegar, Jahangir, The Iranian Economy before and after the Revolution, Middle East Journal (Middle East Institute), 1992, 46 (3): 413–425 (英语)
Bahramitash, Roksana; Hooglund, Eric, Gender in Contemporary Iran: Pushing the Boundaries, Taylor & Francis, 2011, ISBN 113682426X(英语)
Lust, Ellen, The Middle East, SAGE, 2014, ISBN 145224149X(英语)
Ansari, Sarah; Martin, Vanessa, Women, Religion and Culture in Iran, Routledge, 2001, ISBN 0700715096(英语)
Povey, Tara; Rostami-Povey, Elaheh, Women, Power and Politics in 21st Century Iran, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2012, ISBN 1409402045(英语)
Rezai-Rashti, Goli M.; Mehran, Golnar; Abdmolaei, Shirin, Women, Islam, and Education in Iran, Routledge, 2019, ISBN 9781138236738(英语)
Bahramitash, Roksana, Revolution, Islamization, and Women's Employment in Iran, The Brown Journal of World Affairs (Brown Journal of World Affairs), 2003, 9 (2): 229–241 (英语)
Navazeni, Bahram, Three Decades of Iran’s Policy of Exporting the Islamic Revolution: Politics, Ends, and Means, The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (International Institute of Islamic Thought), 2010, 27 (1): 136–148 (英语)
Elik, Suleyman, Iran-Turkey Relations, 1979-2011: Conceptualising the Dynamics of Politics, Religion and Security in Middle-Power States, Routledge, 2013, ISBN 1136630880(英语)
Salamey, Imad, The Government and Politics of Lebanon, Routledge, 2013, ISBN 1135011338(英语)
Jones, Jeremy, Oman, Culture and Diplomacy, Edinburgh University Press, 2013, ISBN 0748674632(英语)
Al-Rodhan, N.; Herd, G.; Watanabe, L., Critical Turning Points in the Middle East: 1915 - 2015, Springer, 2011, ISBN 0230306764(英语)
Boghardt, Lori Plotkin, Kuwait Amid War, Peace and Revolution: 1979-1991 and New Challenges, Springer, 2006, ISBN 0230627455(英语)
Lehmann, Uta, The Impact of the Iranian Revolution on Muslim Organizations in South Africa during the Struggle against Apartheid, Journal for the Study of Religion (Association for the Study of Religion in Southern Africa), 2006, 19 (1): 23–39 (英语)
Hänni, Adrian; Riegler, Thomas; Gasztold, Przemyslaw, Terrorism in the Cold War: State Support in the West, Middle East and Latin America, I.B. Tauris, 2020, ISBN 0755600274(英语)
Marschall, Christin, Iran's Persian Gulf Policy: From Khomeini to Khatami, Routledge, 2003, ISBN 1134429916(英语)
Willemarck, Luc, Foreign Policy of Iran, Studia Diplomatica (Egmont Institute), 1999, 52 (5/6): 205–229 (英语)
Marie, Joseph J. St.; Naghshpour, Shahdad, Revolutionary Iran and the United States: Low-intensity Conflict in the Persian Gulf, Routledge, 2011, ISBN 0754676706(英语)
Khalil, Osamah F., United States Relations with China and Iran: Toward the Asian Century, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019, ISBN 1350087742(英语)
Kinch, Penelope, The US-Iran Relationship: The Impact of Political Identity on Foreign Policy, I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2016, ISBN 1784532541(英语)
Looney, Robert E., Handbook of US-Middle East Relations: Formative factors and regional perspectives, Routledge, 2009, ISBN 9781857434996(英语)
Hurst, Steven, United States and the Iranian Nuclear Programme: A Critical History, Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 0748682643(英语)
Esposito, John L.; Ramazani, R. K., Iran at the Crossroads, Palgrave Macmillan US, 2001, ISBN 0312238169(英语)
Menashri, David, The Iranian Revolution and the Muslim World, Routledge, 1990, ISBN 9780367293246(英语)
Maloney, Suzanne, Iran's Long Reach: Iran as a Pivotal State in the Muslim World, US Institute of Peace Press, 2008, ISBN 160127033X(英语)
Ehteshami, Anoushiravan; Quilliam, Neil; Bahgat, Gawdat, Security and Bilateral Issues between Iran and its Arab Neighbours, Springer, 2016, ISBN 3319432893(英语)
Walt, Stephen M., Revolution and War, Cornell University Press, 1997, ISBN 9780801482977(英语)
Hooglund, Eric, Twenty Years of Islamic Revolution: Political and Social Transition in Iran since 1979, Syracuse University Press, 2002, ISBN 0815629753(英语)
Kaussler, Bernd, British-Iranian Relations, "The Satanic Verses" and the Fatwa: A Case of Two-Level Game Diplomacy, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (Taylor & Francis, Ltd), 2011, 38 (2): 203–225 (英语)
Amirahmadi, Hooshang; Entessar, Nader, Iran and the Arab World, Springer, 1993, ISBN 134922538X(英语)