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洪皓

洪皓
洪皓
國家南宋
姓名洪皓
光弼
出生1088年
逝世1155年
谥号忠宣

洪皓(1088年—1155年),光弼饶州鄱阳县(今江西省鄱阳县古县渡镇)人,中国南宋著名的忠臣。

生平

宋哲宗元祐三年(1088年)出生。书无所不读,虽食不释卷,宋徽宗政和五年(1115年)進士,不久出任台州寧海縣主簿,又升遷秀州(今浙江省嘉興市)司錄。建炎三年(1129年)知泗州(今江蘇省盱眙縣北)兼淮南、京東等路撫諭使,對付叛軍李成。同年八月奉命赴金國至太原,滯留近一年,十二月被遷往雲中(今山西省大同市)。紹興元年(1131年),被金人流放到冷山(今黑龍江省五常市境內的大禿頂子山),從云中至冷山走了六十日,冷山天寒,四月生草,八月飞雪[1]。紹興九年(1139年),被陳王完顏希尹帶到燕京(今北京)。金國數次脅迫洪皓出任官職,被洪皓拒绝。洪皓曾屢次派人向被囚禁在五國城(今黑龍江省依蘭縣)的徽宗、欽宗二帝及在临安府(今浙江省杭州市)的宋高宗秘密傳遞消息,报告金王朝的虚实。留金期间,将汉文化北传,“无纸则取桦叶写《论语》、《大学》、《中庸》、《孟子》传之,时谓‘桦叶四书’”[2],“其酋闻洪尚书名,争邀入庐,出妻女胡舞,举浑脱酒以劝”[3]

紹興十三年(1143年)紹興和議成,和張邵朱弁回歸南宋。前後一共在金國渡過了十五年,雖然備嘗艱苦,被扣十五年仍不屈服,被比作宋之苏武[4],赐第于杭州西湖葛岭[5]。南歸後,授徽猷阁直学士;因贊同張浚對金抗戰,“称张浚为金人所惧,乃在宋不得用”,见秦桧即言不可苟安钱塘,數次得罪奸臣秦檜,为秦桧所忌;十七年(1147年)授濠州团练副使,五月安置英州(今廣東省英德市),居英州九年,開始口述《松漠紀聞》。復為朝奉郎,调任袁州(今江西省宜春市)通判。紹興二十五年(1155年)秦檜死後召回,死于南雄州(今廣東省南雄市)越大庾岭途中,終年六十八歲,「忠宣」。著有《文集》、《春秋紀詠》、《姓氏指南》、《松漠紀聞》二卷、詩集《鄱陽集》四卷、詞集《鄱陽詞》一卷。有子洪适洪遵洪迈。其後人輾轉定居於現福建省金門縣烈嶼鄉青歧村。

关于洪皓的籍貫,史学界对其尚未有定論,一说为鄱阳说,一说为乐平说。

注釋

  1. ^ 《方輿紀要》謂“山在故黃龍府北。”《松漠纪闻》载:“冷山去宁江州百七十里, 地苦寒, 多草木, 至八月则倒置地中, 封土数尺, 复其枝干。”曹廷杰《東三省輿地圖說》的“冷山考”條:“宋史洪皓使金,金人流遞冷山十五年。……則冷山應在今五常廳山河屯巡檢地方界內。”金毓黻《東三省輿地圖說》批注:“此考不確,按皓流冷山十五年,曾與完顏希尹近,按希尹寨及墓均在舒蘭縣小城子附近,墓碑尚存,可知為冷山所在。”
  2. ^ 徐梦莘:《三朝北盟会编》炎兴下帙66引《金虏节要》
  3. ^ 《容斋五笔》卷三
  4. ^ 《宋史·本传》:高宗称赞他:“忠贯日月,志不忘君,虽苏武不能过也”
  5. ^ 王守仁《諡襄惠兩峰洪公墓誌銘》称:“维洪氏世显于鄱阳。自宋太师忠宣公皓始赐第于钱塘西湖之葛岭,三子景伯、景严、景庐皆以名德相承,遂为钱塘望族。”梁章钜《楹联丛话》云:“西湖葛岭下有洪忠宣公皓祠。《钱塘县志》载:‘忠宣于建炎初使金,不屈,历十五年始放归,赐宅西湖葛岭后。后人因就地建祠。’我朝雍正九年,李敏达卫重修,并书一联云:‘身窜冷山,万死竟回苏武节;魂依葛岭,千秋长傍鄂王坟。’亦自确切。”

參考書目

  • 《盘洲文集》卷七四《先君述》
  • 《宋史》卷三七三

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