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王世傑 (金門)

王世傑
新竹竹蓮寺的王世傑與王春塘長生祿位
出生明鄭永曆十五年正月十五日
(1661-02-13)1661年2月13日
明鄭思明州
逝世康熙六十年八月十五日
1721年10月5日(1721歲—10—05)(60歲)
大清福建省臺廈道臺灣府諸羅縣

王世傑(1661年2月13日—1721年10月5日[1]),原名公祿元安世傑臺灣清治時期知名墾戶,生於明鄭思明州外東沙(今中華民國福建省金門縣金城鎮珠沙里)人,為康熙年間(具體時間一說是在康熙五十年,即1711年左右[2])帶領漢人遷居開發竹塹地區(今臺灣新竹市一帶)的主要人物,興築了隆恩圳,且他及其後代捐獻了土地與香火錢給新竹地區不少廟宇,如新竹都城隍廟竹蓮寺及「東瀛福地土地廟[3]。他後來於巡視水圳時被當地原住民出草襲殺,死後歸葬金門蔡厝太武山麓,其在金門的古厝與古墓已被金門縣政府公告為縣定古蹟[3]

生平

王世傑生於明鄭永曆十五年正月十五日(1661年2月13日),十七年(1663年)清軍從明鄭手中攻下金門廈門,進行遷界,王世傑與父母王尚春何媛娘及兩位兄長世什、世傳因而隨鄉人搬到同安縣城,不久父母相繼過世,兄弟三人相依為命[3][1]

康熙十三年(1674年)發生三藩之亂大明延平王鄭經大清靖南王耿精忠之邀反攻閩南,遷居之金廈居民逐漸重返故鄉,王世傑在此時曾加入鄭軍當軍伕[3]。十九年(1680年)金門再次被清軍攻陷後,王世傑隨鄭軍撤回臺灣[3]

鄭克塽繼位後,臺灣北路的原住民興兵反抗明鄭,王世傑以運糧官的身分與軍隊前往鎮壓,後來因功獲准以「跑馬定界」賜其拓墾之權,王世傑便挑中竹塹之地[3][2][1]。後來因為施琅滅了明鄭,清朝並實施海禁,使王世傑一時無法返鄉招募人力,只能進行小規模開發[3]

康熙二十七年(1688年),王世傑返回金門與兄長一同到同安城掃墓祭拜父母,並於十月二十日(11月12日)將父母遷葬回金門蘭厝山[3][1]。而後當清廷對臺政策開放後,王世傑兩度返鄉帶侄孫與鄉親約一百多人回到竹塹拓墾農地,興修水利,奠定漢人在竹塹地區的基礎[3]。其開墾區域以竹塹社社域境內,後來的東門街、暗街仔為基礎,向西北、西南開墾,形成了竹塹北庄與竹塹南庄兩個墾區庄[2]。而王世傑為了照顧留在金門的族人,他在浦邊建了一座二落大厝,並在竹塹設祭田,將其營收送回金門供年節祭祖、修護祖墳、祖厝之用,此一措施直到馬關條約臺灣割讓後才中止[3]。在此同時,為了令其遷居竹塹的鄉親在精神上有所寄託,他從金門請了土地公過來竹塹建廟供奉,為今新竹市東前街的「東門堡福德祠」(俗稱「東瀛福地」)[3]

臺灣通史·列傳三·王世傑列傳》記載:「康熙五十餘年,始墾海濱之地:曰大小南勢,曰上下羊寮,曰虎仔山,曰油車港,曰南莊,凡二十有四,為田數千,歲入穀數萬。既又墾迤南之地:曰樹林頭,曰後湖莊,曰八卦厝,曰南雅,曰金門厝,曰姜寮,曰北莊,凡十有三社。儼然一方之雄矣。」依照竹蓮寺長生祿位來看,王世傑應該也捐納監生的功名。

康熙六十年八月十五日(1721年10月5日),王世傑於巡視水圳途中遭到原住民襲殺,首級被取,其族人用金屬鑄一頭入殮,葬於金門蔡厝太武山麓,因為王世傑後代定居臺灣,所以掃墓之事委由留在金門的王世傑兄長後裔代行,王世傑墓亦被稱為「金頭殼墓」[3][1]

家族

王世傑家族在乾隆初期因為訴訟官司影響開始衰落,後人較知名者有王士俊,為新竹著名仕紳鄭用錫的老師[3]

王世傑家族之四房、五房聚居於樹林頭境福宮附近[4],其中五房原在境福街上設有祖祠,其門聯為「世早有蓬萊,詩禮傳家安且吉;傑然開竹塹,公平處世熾而昌」,奉祀「皇明顯考護糧大司馬王公世傑之神位」(研究者張德南認為此官銜與上述協助明鄭鎮壓北路原住民之事有關),後因拆屋而將神位移祀至境福宮中[5],每年世傑誕辰(元宵節)子孫在此祭祀[4]

紀念

由於王世傑及其後代透過捐地、捐獻田園的大租銀、市街的地基銀等方式修建寺廟,因此新竹地區部分寺廟祭祀之,其中部分神位因寺廟改建消失,目前尚存者有:[5]

  1. 樹林頭境福宮中神位及神像-相傳王世傑於建廟時獻地,學者林鍵璋則認為是其子孫或墾號所獻[6],廟方尊稱為「王府大人」。
  2. 新竹都城隍廟「皇清檀越北莊業戶王諱世傑長生祿位」-據《新竹縣採訪冊‧祠廟》記載,王世傑除捐獻廟地外,也將廟前從太爺街到北門城下、東側108間街屋一年的租金4300捐給城隍廟,現已由廟方收藏保存。[5]
  3. 新竹竹蓮寺「皇清檀越主北庄業主監生王世傑、欽賜知州銜候選州同王春塘同立長生祿位」-王世傑於竹蓮寺初建時獻地,其後代奉政大夫王春塘則於同治年間寺廟重建時捐款。[5]

相關條目

參考來源

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 王世傑古厝與古墓. 文化部文化資產局. [2013-03-22]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04) (中文(臺灣)). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 曾品滄. 《臺灣歷史辭典·王世傑》 四版一刷. 遠流. 2006-09-25: 206頁. ISBN 957-01-7430-7. 
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 黃振良、陳炳容. 《前人的足跡 金門的古蹟與先賢·竹塹墾首 王世傑》. 金門縣金城鎮: 金門縣文化局. 2009年11月: 147-157頁. ISBN 978-986-02-1047-7. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 潘國正. 《家族傳奇 開墾竹塹第一家族:王世傑(上)》討番請墾 興水利闢良田. 《中國時報》. 2006-06-15 (中文(臺灣)). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 張德南 (编). 王世傑史料析釋. 《從清代到當代:新竹300年文獻特輯》 (PDF). 新竹市: 新竹市文化局. 2018-07: 頁285–304 [2021-01-11]. ISBN 978-986-05-6329-0. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-21) (中文(臺灣)). 
  6. ^ 林鍵璋. 新竹市境福宮信仰之探究 (PDF). 《竹塹文獻》. 2015-12, (61): 頁144–157 [2021-01-10]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-21) (中文(臺灣)). 

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