Traditional ingredients are flour, sugar, strutto, vanilla, active yeast, ammonia baking powder (ammonium bicarbonate), homogenized milk, crushed almonds, cinnamon, and icing sugar (when decorating the tops of the ciarduna's).
^Philpott, Don (2017). The world of wine and food: a guide to varieties, tastes, history, and pairings. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 385. ISBN978-1-4422-6804-3.