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Mäkimeirami

Mäkimeirami
Uhanalaisuusluokitus

Elinvoimainen [1]

Suomessa: Elinvoimainen

Elinvoimainen

Tieteellinen luokittelu
Kunta: Kasvit Plantae
Kaari: Streptophyta
Luokka: Embryopsida
Kladi: Putkilokasvit Tracheophyta
Kladi: Siemenkasvit Spermatophyta
Kladi: Koppisiemeniset Angiospermae
Kladi: Aitokaksisirkkaiset
Lahko: Lamiales
Heimo: Huulikukkaiskasvit Lamiaceae
Suku: Meiramit Origanum
Laji: vulgare
Kaksiosainen nimi

Origanum vulgare
L.

Katso myös

  Mäkimeirami Wikispeciesissä
  Mäkimeirami Commonsissa

Oreganoa
Mäkimeirami

Mäkimeirami (Origanum vulgare) on vanha antiikin ajoilta asti käytössä ollut mausteyrtti, joka on alun perin kotoisin Italian alueelta mutta tiettävästi levinnyt lähes koko Eurooppaan. Lajia kutsutaan myös oreganoksi, joka tarkoittaa täsmällisesti vain lajiketta 'Prismaticum'.[2][3]

Mäkimeirami on monivuotinen, hoikkajuurakkoinen noin 20–80 cm korkea kasvi ja voimakas tuoksultaan. Lehdet ovat lyhytruotisia ja muodoltaan puikeita, matalahampaisia tai ehytlaitaisia ja vaaleakarvaisia. Kasvi viihtyy lehtoniityillä, kallioilla ja kivikkoisilla rinteillä. Mäkimeirami on suosittu mauste italialaisessa keittiössä (erityisesti pizzassa) ja kreikkalaisessa keittiössä, mutta vanha kansa käytti mäkimeiramia kalamausteena erityisesti silakan seurana. Maustehyllyjen oregano on sekoite, johon käytetään mäkimeiramin versojen ohella lähisukuisia maustemeiramia (Origanum majorana) ja turkinmeiramia (Origanum onites). Kasvin haihtuva öljy sisältää pääasiassa tymolia ja karvakrolia.

Viljely

Suomen oloissa mäkimeirami joudutaan kylvämään sisällä jo maaliskuussa. Kylvöstä kastellaan säännöllisesti vähällä vedellä, niin että se ei tule märäksi mutta pysyy kosteana. Taimet on syytä istuttaa ulos vasta sitten, kun pakkasöitä ei enää tule. Istutus on syytä suorittaa kuohkeaan ja hiekkaperäiseen maahan, jota voi kalkita kevyesti. Keväällä taimet leikataan noin 6 cm:n korkuisiksi tyngiksi. Kasvi on monivuotinen, ja se talvehtii Suomessa ongelmitta. Talvella varsi lakastuu mutta kasvaa varsin nopeasti heti kasvukauden alussa noin 30 cm:n korkuiseksi.

Alalajeja

  • Kreikanmeirami (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum) voimakkaampi maku kuin mäkimeiramissa ja siksi suositumpi maustekasvina Välimeren maissa
  • Keltalehtinen mäkimeirami (Origanum vulgare subsp. aureum)
  • Matala mäkimeirami (Origanum vulgare var. compacta)

Muuta

Kreikkalaisessa mytologiassa Kyproksen kuninkaan Cinyrasin palvelija kaatui, kun hän oli kantamassa valtavaa parfyymiastiaa. Tietäen isäntänsä tulisen luonteen palvelija järkyttyi niin, että pyörtyi ja muuttui mäkimeiramiksi.

Lähteet

  • Kranzdorf, H.: Herbs and Spice of the World (Schiffler Publishing, Exton, Pennsylvania, 1983)
  • Israelsson, L., Keittiöpuutarhuri - vihannekset, mausteet ja marjat, Otava, Helsinki, Editoriale Bortolazzi, Italia 2002.
  • Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T., etc, Retkeilykasvio, Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Helsinki, Yliopistopaino, Helsinki, 1998.
  • McHoy, P., Westland, P., Yrttiaapinen, Könemann, Köln, Sing Cheong Printing Co. Ltd., Hong Kong, 2000.

Viitteet

  1. ↑ Khela, S.: Origanum vulgare IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-3. 2012. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 19.3.2021. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Kassu – Kasvien suomenkieliset nimet: Origanum vulgare 'Prismaticum' Viitattu 10.1.2022.
  3. ↑ Suomen Lajitietokeskus: Oregano – Origanum vulgare 'Prismaticum' Viitattu 10.1.2022.

Aiheesta muualla

Yrtit ja mausteet
Yrtit
Muut maustekasvit
Hedelmät:
Siemenet:
Juuret ja maavarsi:
Kuori:
Muut kasvinosat:
Epäorgaaniset mausteet
Maustesekoitukset

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