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Variola

Variola
Seorang anak penderita cacar di Bangladesh pada tahun 1973.
Informasi umum
SpesialisasiPenyakit menular Sunting ini di Wikidata
Variola virus
Klasifikasi virus
Grup:
Grup I (dsDNA)
Famili:
Poxviridae
Genus:
Orthopoxvirus
Spesies:
Variola vera

Variola atau cacar adalah penyakit menular pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh virus Variola major atau Variola minor.[1] Penyakit ini dikenal dengan nama Latinnya, Variola atau Variola vera, yang berasal dari kata Latin varius, yang berarti "berbintik", atau varus yang artinya "jerawat".

Variola muncul pada pembuluh darah kecil di kulit serta di mulut dan kerongkongan. Di kulit, penyakit ini menyebabkan ruam, dan kemudian luka berisi cairan. V. major menyebabkan penyakit yang lebih serius dengan tingkat kematian 30–35%. V. minor menyebabkan penyakit yang lebih ringan (dikenal juga dengan alastrim, cottonpox, milkpox, whitepox, dan Cuban itch) yang menyebabkan kematian pada 1% penderitanya.[2][3] Akibat jangka panjang infeksi V. major adalah bekas luka, umumnya di wajah, yang terjadi pada 65–85% penderita.[4]

Virus cacar

Artikel utama: Virus cacar

Virus cacar termasuk dalam famili Poxvirus yaitu dikenal sebagai virus binatang yang terbesar disaat ini, seperti layaknya virus vaccinia (penyakit cacar pada sapi).[5]

Pada tahun 1964, Profesor Rijk Gispen melakukan penelitian terkait virus ini dari monyet Dunia Lama.[6]

Referensi

  1. ^ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (edisi ke-4th ed.). McGraw Hill. hlm. 525–8. ISBN 0838585299. 
  2. ^ Behbehani AM (1983). "The smallpox story: life and death of an old disease". Microbiol Rev. 47 (4): 455–509. PMC 281588 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 6319980. 
  3. ^ "Smallpox". Armed Forces Institute of Pathology: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09. Diakses tanggal 2008-10-28. 
  4. ^ Jezek Z, Hardjotanojo W, Rangaraj AG (1981). "Facial scarring after varicella. A comparison with variola major and variola minor". Am. J. Epidemiol. 114 (6): 798–803. PMID 7315828. 
  5. ^ Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve;Hassan Shadily. Ensiklopedia Indonesia,Jilid 7(edisi khusus). Jakarta:PT Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve. 
  6. ^ https://books.google.co.id/books?id=pO-YdZjojHEC&pg=PA682

Bacaan lebih lanjut

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