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Pablo Picasso

Pablo Picasso (25. október 1881 – 8. apríl 1973) var spænskur listmálari, myndhöggvari, keramiklistamaður og leikmyndasmiður. Hann er einn af áhrifamestu listamönnum 20. aldar. Hann er einkum þekktur fyrir að hafa þróað kúbismann ásamt Georges Braque. Meðal þekktustu verka hans eru Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) og Guernica (1937) sem lýsir sprengjuárásinni á Guernica í spænsku borgarastyrjöldinni.

Picasso var sonur listamanns og listaskólakennara í Malaga og sýndi snemma mikla myndlistarhæfileika. Árið 1895 flutti fjölskyldan til Barselóna þar sem hann hóf nám hjá föður sínum. Hann hóf nám við listaskólann Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando í Madríd 1897 en hvarf frá námi eftir nokkra mánuði og setti upp sína eigin vinnustofu. Þar tók hann upp ættarnafn móður sinnar, Picasso, til að honum yrði ekki ruglað saman við föður sinn. Árið 1904 flutti hann til Parísar þar sem hann bjó mestalla ævina eftir það, til 1961 þegar hann fluttist til Cannes. Áhugi á myndlist frá Afríku 1906 varð til þess að myndlist Picassos þróaðist út í það sem síðar var kallað kúbismi. Árið 1907 sýndi hann verkið Les Demoiselles d'Avignon sem markar upphaf þeirrar listastefnu, þótt hún næði ekki hátindi sínum fyrr en tveimur árum síðar. Ásamt Henri Matisse er hann oft talinn einn af helstu forvígismönnum nútímalistar.

List Picassos er oft skipt í tímabil. Elstu tímabilin eru bláa tímabilið (1901-1904), bleika tímabilið (1904-1906) og Afríkutímabilið (1907-1909), samsettur kúbismi (1909-1912) og greinandi kúbismi eða kristalskúbismi (1912-1919). Frá 1919 og fram á 3. áratuginn vann Picasso myndir í nýklassískum stíl og eftir miðjan 3. áratuginn þróaðist stíll hans út í súrrealisma. Eftir 1930 vann hann áfram með ólíka stíla og viðfangsefni sem hann blandaði oft saman.

Eftir síðari heimsstyrjöld var Picasso bæði heimsfrægur og vellauðugur. Fá dæmi eru um listamenn sem hafa notið jafnmikillar velgengni í lifanda lífi. Hann átti í stormasömum ástarsamböndum við miklu yngri konur og giftist tvisvar: Olgu Koklovu 1918 og Jacqueline Roque 1961, en átti líka börn með Marie-Thérèse Walter og Françoise Gilot.

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