環境に及ぼす人類の影響(かんきょうにおよぼすじんるいのえいきょう、英: Human (or anthropogenic) impact on the environment)では、人類によって直接的または間接的に引き起こされた生物的物理的環境の変動[1]および生態系や生物多様性や天然資源の異変[2][3] について記述する。
過激思想家で論争家のペンティ・リンコラほか一部のディープエコロジストは、人口過多を生物圏全体に対する脅威と見なしている[27]。2017年、世界中の科学者15,000人超が署名した『World Scientists' Warning to Humanity(世界の科学者による人類への警告)』第2巻が刊行され、同書は人口の急増が「多くの生態学的脅威さらには社会的脅威の背後にある主要な原動力」だと断言している[28]。
過激思想家で論争家のペンティ・リンコラほか一部のディープエコロジストは、人口過多を生物圏全体に対する脅威と見なしている[27]。2017年、世界中の科学者15,000人超が署名した『World Scientists' Warning to Humanity(世界の科学者による人類への警告)』第2巻が刊行され、同書は人口の急増が「多くの生態学的脅威さらには社会的脅威の背後にある主要な原動力」だと断言している[28]。
食肉畜産業の影響の中には一部環境的に有益だと考えられるものもある。具体的には、人間の食用ではない穀物かすを飼料に転用することによる廃棄物削減、侵略性があり有害な雑草の防除やその他植物の管理をする除草剤の代替としての家畜利用[78]、製造にかなりの化石燃料使用を必要とする合成肥料の代用品として動物の屎尿を厩肥に活用すること、野生動物の生息地増大に向けた放牧の活用[79]、放牧の実践に応じた炭素隔離[80][81]などがある。とはいえ、査読付き学術誌に掲載されている幾つかの研究によると、食肉需要の増大は森林伐採と生息地破壊の大きな推進力であり著しい生物多様性喪失の一因となっている[82][83][84][37]。加えて、生物多様性及び生態系サービスに関する政府間科学政策プラットフォーム(IPBES)[85]による2019年の『生物多様性と生態系サービスに関するグローバル評価報告書』も食肉生産目的の土地利用増加が生物多様性の喪失における重大な役割を果たしていると警告している[86][87]。2006年の国連食糧農業機関(FAO)の報告『畜産業の環境負荷報告書(原題:Livestock's Long Shadow)』では、この惑星の地表面の約26%が家畜の放牧に充てられていることが判明した[88]。
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^“Graphic: The relentless rise of carbon dioxide - Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet”. Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet
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^Oppenlander, Richard (2013). Food Choice and Sustainability. Minneapolis, MN: Langdon Street Press. pp. 120-123. ISBN978-1-62652-435-4
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^「畑地の農地保全管理による土壌流亡抑制効果」に基づく Universal Soil Loss Equationの訳語。他の国内資料では翻訳せずにUSLEと頭字語で表記しているものも散見される。風食式(Wind Erosion Equation)も同様。
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