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Ustica

Ustica
Comune di Ustica
Panorama Ustike
Panorama Ustike
Panorama Ustike
Koordinate: 38°43′N 13°11′E / 38.717°N 13.183°E / 38.717; 13.183
Država  Italija
regija Sicilija
provincija Palermo
Vlast
 - gradonačelnik Aldo Messina
Površina
 - Ukupna 8,1 km² [1]
Visina 49
Stanovništvo (2008.)
 - Grad 1 325 [1]
Vremenska zona UTC+1 (UTC+2)
Poštanski broj 90010
Pozivni broj 091
Službena stranica www.comune.ustica
Karta
Ustica na mapi Italije
Ustica
Ustica
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Ustica na karti Italije

Ustica (talijanski: Comune di Ustica) je mali otok i istoimena komuna u talijanskoj provinciji Palermo, u regiji Sicilija od 1 325 stanovnika [1]

Geografske karakteristike

Ustica je vulkanski otok u Tirenskom moru, pored zapadne obale Sicilije, udaljena 52 km od rta Gallo, ukupne površine 8,1 km².[1] Otok ima ovalni oblik, fizički je podijeljen na dva dijela, lancem brda od kojih je najviše Monte dei Guardia Turchi (238 m). Obale su mu strme, osim na nekoliko manjih plaža.

Karta Južne Italije sa pozicijom Ustice

Ustica ima tipičnu mediteransku klimu, koja nije nesnošljiva, jer je stalno vjetrovito. Na čitavom otoku postoji samo jedno naselje - istoimena - Ustica, koje leži u zaljevu na istoku otoka.

Etimologija

Stari Grci su otok zvali osteodes (oστεώδης) [1]- mrtvačnica, zbog leševa najamnih vojnika pomrlih od gladi i žeđi, koje su tamo zatekli. Rimljani su otok zvali današnjim imenom ustica[1] (od latinskog ustum = izgorio.

Historija

Ustica je najvjerojatnije bila fenička kolonija, prije nego što su je zauzeli Rimljani i organizirali je kao svoju koloniju.[1] Nakon propasti Zapadnog Rimskog Carstva Ustica je prva pala pod Saracene koji su je koristili kao bazu za daljnju invaziju Sicilije. Oni su otok koristili sve do početka 18. vijeka kao bazu za svoje brodove kojima su kretali u gusarske napade po Mediteranu i Siciliji. Zbog tog je Kraljevina Sicilija pokušala u dva navrata 1737. i 1761. naseliti otok - Sicilijancima, ali su oba pokušaja propala zbog opasnosti od gusara. Na kraju im je to uspjelo kad su naselili koloniste sa Lipara.

Centar Ustice

Najnovija arheološka iskapanja otkrila su prahistorijsko naselje na lokalitetu Colombaia.[1]

Za vrijeme fašističkog režim Ustica je korištena kao logor za eliminaciju političkih protivnika (najpoznatiji je bio Antonio Gramsci), a od početka Drugog svjetskog rata na otok su internirani i brojni zarobljenici iz dotadašnje Kraljevine Jugoslavije od kojih su mnogi pomrli zbog podhranjenosti i boleština.

Privreda

Malobrojni stanovnici Ustice bave se turizmom i zanatsvom.[1]

Izvori

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 „Ustica” (talijanski). Trecani enciclopedia Italiana. Pristupljeno 17. 06. 2013. 

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