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Yosir Arafot

Yosir Arafot (2001)

Yosir Arafot (arabcha: ياسر عرفات Yāsir ʿArafāt) — Muhammad Abdurrahmon Abdurrauf Arafot Qudva Husayniy 1929-yilning 24-avgustida Misr poytaxti Qohira shahrida tugʻildi. Uning otasi tadbirkor-sarmoyador kishi edi, onasi esa farzandi toʻrt yoshga yetganida vafot etgandi. Arafotning avji bolalik yillari Quddusda yashaydigan amakisi uyida oʻtdi. Hali dunyo sir-sinoatlarini toʻla anglab yetmagan bolakay arablar va yahudiylar oʻrtasida kechayotgan shafqatsiz kurashlar, qirgʻinlarga ilk bor shu yerda guvoh boʻldi. Uning goʻdak tafakkuri va ongi aynan ana shu kurashlar girdobida shakllandi. Oiladagi farovonlik va toʻkinlik sabab, Arafot Qohira universitetida oʻqish, oʻz bilimlarini chuqurlashtirish imkoniga ega boʻldi. Eng qizigʻi, Arafot universitetda siyosat yoki iqtisod kabi nufuzli fakultetlarda emas, muhandislik yoʻnalishida oʻqidi (Aytishlaricha, u Yosir ism-laqabini ayni shu Qohiradagi tahsil yillarida olgan). 1948-yilgi voqealar Arafotning hayotiy maslak va maqsadlarini mutlaqo oʻzgartirib yubordi. Koʻpchilikka maʼlumki, zikr etilgan yilda Falastinga qarashli hududlar qoʻshni millat tomonidan egallandi va yangi davlat tarkibiga qoʻshib olindi. Shu tariqa hozirgacha davom etib kelayotgan Falastin-Isroil ixtilofi yuzaga keldi. Arablar 1948-yil voqeasini „Nakba“ (Fojia) deb atashdi. Shu yillarda Arafot va uning tarafdorlari tomonidan Falastinni ozod qilish bayrogʻi ostida Fanlar AkademiyasiTX harakatiga asos solindi. Arafot esa bosib olingan hududlarni qaytarish yoʻlida kurashgan birlashmaga rahbarlik qildi. Ayni shu davrda harbiy sarkardalik va siyosiy yetakchilik qobiliyatini namoyish etgan Yosir Arafot xalqaro miqyosda obroʻ-eʼtibor qozona boshladi. Xalqaro maydondagi eʼtirof ifodasi oʻlaroq, u Arab davlatlari Ligasi tomonidan 1965-yili tashkil qilingan Falastin Ozodlik tashkiloti rahbari etib saylandi. Arafot qoʻmondonligidagi Fanlar AkademiyasiTX harakati oʻtgan yillar davomida goh Livan, goh Iordaniya hududlarida harbiy operatsiyalar olib bordi. Xususan, 1968-yili Iordaniya hududiga Isroil qoʻshinining kiritilishi va bu hujum Arafot boshqaruvidagi kuchlar tomonidan qaytarilishi Fanlar AkademiyasiTX hamda uning yetakchisiga boʻlgan ishonchni oshirib yubordi. Iordaniyada Fanlar AkademiyasiTX faoliyatining taqiqlanishi, Livanga qoʻshni davlat qoʻshini kiritilishi bilan mintaqadagi ahvol yanada ogʻirlashdi. Arafot ham murakkab vaziyatdan kelib chiqib, Tunisdan panoh topishga majbur boʻldi. 1988-yili Falastin tarixida katta siyosiy voqea roʻy berdi va, aytish kerakki, bu hodisa sababchisi ham aynan Arafot boʻldi. Ozodlik tashkiloti va harakati rahbari Iordan daryosining gʻarbiy hududi hamda Gʻazo sektorida Falastin davlati tashkil topganini eʼlon qildi. Yil oxiriga borib, yangi davlat dunyoning 70 mamlakati hukumatlari tomonidan tan olindi. 1993-yili Norvegiya poytaxti Oslo shahrida esa Isroil bosh vaziri Yitzhak Rabin va Yosir Arafot ishtirokida tarixiy tinchlik shartnomasi imzolandi[1].

Manbalar

  1. ↑ OʻzME. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil

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