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粵語拼音對照表

本條目以表列形式比較一些主要的粵語拼音或讀音標注方案具體標音內容。符合國際音標者用底色顯示。

※此條目的收錄標準是記錄現有資料的粵語拼音或讀音標注方案,請勿按個人意願修改,如發現下表內容與已發表資料不符,請協助更正。

聲母

例字 注音符號 IPA 寬式IPA 黃錫凌 廣州 教院 粵拼 耶魯 劉錫祥 Meyer-Wempe 初學粵音切要[1]
人民 民國
[p] /b/ b b b b b b p p
[pʰ] /p/ p p p p p p p' p'
[m] /m/ m m m m m m m m
[f] /f/ f f f f f f f f
[t] /d/ d d d d d d t t
[tʰ] /t/ t t t t t t t' t'
[n] /n/ n n n n n n n n
[l] /l/ l l l l l l l l
[k] /g/ g g g g g g k k
[kʰ] /k/ k k k k k k k' k'
[ŋ] /ŋ/ ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng
[h] /h/ h h h h h h h h
[ts]/[tʃ] /dz/ dz z/j dz z j j ts ts
[tɕ] /dz₂/ dj ch ch
[tsʰ]/[tʃʰ] /ts/ ts c/q ts c ch ch ts' ts'
[tɕʰ] /ts₂/ ch ch' ch'
[s]/[ʃ] /s/ s s/x s s s s s s
[ɕ] /s₂/ sh sh s'
ㄍㄨ [kʷ] /gw/ gw gu gw gw gw gw kw k+w系韻母
ㄎㄨ [kʷʰ] /kw/ kw ku kw kw kw kw k'w k'+w系韻母
[j] /j/ y y j j y y y/i y
[w] /w/ w w w w w w w/oo (歸入w系韻母)
  • 例字只取其聲母。
  • 「將」與「張」、「鏘」與「昌」、「私」與「是」的聲母,二百年前的粵語分為「章知組」和「莊精組」[2]。今天很大部分粵語地區已合流[3],作爲同一音位自由變異[4]。仍有個別粵方言片或某些口音中保留區別。爲方便表列,表中「將、鏘、私」記作清齒齦音清顎齦音自由變異,「張、昌、是」記作清齦顎音,但具體音值須視乎該方言片實際發音而定。
  • 廣州話拼音方案雖有「z、c、s」和「j、q、x」兩組聲母,但該方案說明指兩組音值並無分別,只是在拼寫韵母時有不同。「z、c、s」與韻母首音「a、e、ê、é、o、u、ê」相拼,「j、q、x」與韻母首音「i」和「ü」相拼。
  • 次清(送氣)音有學者以「'」表示,萬國音標今統一為「ʰ」。

韻母

例字 注音符號 IPA 寬式IPA 黃錫凌 廣州 教院 粵拼 耶魯 劉錫祥 Meyer-Wempe 初學粵音切要
人民 民國
[aː] /a/ a a aa aa a a a a[r]
[aːi] /ai/ aai ai aai aai aai aai aai ea
[aːu] /au/ aau ao aau aau aau aau aau aou
ㄚㄇ [aːm] /am/ aam am aam aam aam aam aam am
[aːn] /an/ aan an aan aan aan aan aan an
[aːŋ] /aŋ/ aang ang aang aang aang aang aang ang
ㄚㄆ [aːp̚] /ap/ aap ab aap aap aap aap aap ap
ㄚㄊ [aːt̚] /at/ aat ad aat aat aat aat aat at
ㄚㄎ [aːk̚] /ak/ aak ag aak aak aak aak aak ak
[ɐi] /ɐi/ ai ei ai ai ai ai ai y
[ɐu] /ɐu/ au eo au au au au au ow
[ɐm] /ɐm/ am em am am am am am/om um/om[5]
[ɐn] /ɐn/ an en an an an an an a'n
[ɐŋ] /ɐŋ/ ang eng ang ang ang ang ang a'ng
[ɐp̚] /ɐp/ ap eb ap ap ap ap ap/op up[6]
[ɐt̚] /ɐt/ at ed at at at at at a't
[ɐk̚] /ɐk/ ak eg ak ak ak ak ak a'k
[ɛː] /ɛ/ e é e e e e e ěa
ㄝㄧ [ei] /ei/ ei éi ei ei ei ei ei ěy
掉* ㄝㄨ [ɛːu] /ɛu/ eu eu ěw
舔* ㄝㄇ ㄝㆬ [ɛːm] /ɛm/ em em
円* ㄝㄋ ㄝㄣ [ɛːn] /ɛn/ en en ěn
贏* ㄝㄫ ㄝㄥ [ɛːŋ] /ɛŋ/ eng éng eng eng eng eng eng ëing
夾* ㄝㄆ [ɛːp̚] /ɛp/ ep ep ěp
坺*[7] ㄝㄊ [ɛːt̚] /ɛt/ et et
ㄝㄎ [ɛːk̚] /ɛk/ ek ég ek ek ek ek ek ëik
[iː] /i/ i i i i i i i e
ㄧㄨ [iːu] /iu/ iu iu iu iu iu iu iu ew
ㄧㄇ ㄧㆬ [iːm] /im/ im im im im im im im eem
ㄧㄋ ㄧㄣ [iːn] /in/ in in in in in in in een
ㄧㄫ ㄧㄥ [ɪŋ] /iŋ/ ing ing ing ing ing ing ing ing
ㄧㄆ [iːp̚] /ip/ ip ib ip ip ip ip ip eep
ㄧㄊ [iːt̚] /it/ it id it it it it it eet
ㄧㄎ [ɪk̚] /ik/ ik ig ik ik ik ik ik ik
[ɔː] /ɔ/ o o o o o oh oh o(r)
ㄛㄧ [ɔːi] /ɔi/ oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oy
ㄛㄨ [ou] /ou/ ou ou ou ou ou o o ou
ㄛㄋ [ɔːn] /ɔn/ on on on on on on on on
ㄛㄫ [ɔːŋ] /ɔŋ/ ong ong ong ong ong ong ong ong
ㄛㄊ [ɔːt̚] /ɔt/ ot od ot ot ot ot ot ot
ㄛㄎ [ɔːk̚] /ɔk/ ok og ok ok ok ok ok ok
[uː] /u/ u u u u u oo oo oo
ㄨㄧ [uːi] /ui/ ui ui ui ui ui ooi ooi ooey
ㄨㄋ ㄨㄣ [uːn] /un/ un un un un un oon oon oon
ㄨㄫ ㄨㄥ [ʊŋ]/[oŋ] /uŋ/ ung ung ung ung ung ung ung ung
ㄨㄊ [uːt̚] /ut/ ut ud ut ut ut oot oot oot
ㄨㄎ [ʊk̚]/[ok̚] /uk/ uk ug uk uk uk uk uk uk
[œː] /œ/ eu ê oe oe eu euh oeh ü
[œːŋ] /œŋ/ eung êng oeng oeng eung eung eung eong
[œːk̚] /œk/ euk êg oek oek euk euk euk eok
[ɵy] /œy/ eue êu oey eoi eui ui ui oey[8]
[ɵn] /œn/ eun ên oen eon eun un un un
[ɵt̚] /œt/ eut êd oet eot eut ut ut ut
[yː] /y/ ue ü y yu yu ue ue ü/üy[8]
ㄩㄋ ㄩㄣ [yːn] /yn/ uen ün yn yun yun uen uen ün
ㄩㄊ [yːt̚] /yt/ uet üd yt yut yut uet uet üt
[m̩] /m̩/ m m m m m m m
[ŋ̍] /ŋ̩/ ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng
  • 例字只取其韻母。
  • 打「*」者表示口語變讀。
  • 黃錫凌羅馬拼音「euue」省略成「eue」,廣州話拼音方案「êü」省略成「êu」。
  • 廣州話拼音方案的聲母「j、q、x」是用來拼寫「i、ü」韻之用;「ü」行韻母用來拼「j、q、x」時省略兩點。

聲調

調名、音值 例字 注音符號 IPA 寬式IPA 黃錫凌 廣州 教院 粵拼 耶魯 劉錫祥 Meyer-Wempe 初學粵音切要[1]
陰平,53 ˉ 通常不標 ˥˧ ˈa ˈa 1 1 1 à 1 a 陰平
陰平變讀,55 ˉ 通常不標 ˥ ˈa ˈa 1 1 1 ā 10 a 陰平
陰上,35 ˇ ˧˥ ˊa ˊa 2 2 2 á 2 á 陰上
陰去,33 ˋ ˧ ˉa ˉa 3 3 3 a 3 à 陰去
陽平,21或11 ˊ ˨˩ 或 ˩ ˌa ˌa 4 4 4 àh 4 ā 陽平
陽上,13或23 ˘ ˩˧ 或 ˨˧ ˏa ˏa 5 5 5 áh 5 ǎ 陽上
陽去,22 ˆ ˨ ˍa ˍa 6 6 6 ah 6 â 陽去
上陰入,5 ˙ ˥ ˈat ˈat 1 7或1 1 āt 1 at 陰入
陰上變調,35 核* ˧˥ ˊa ˊa 2 2
下陰入,3 不標 ˧ ˉat ˉat 3 8或3 3 at 3 àt 陰入
陽入,2 ʻ ˨ ˍat ˍat 6 9或6 6 aht 6 ât 陽入
  • 打「*」者表示口語變讀。
  • 平、上、去聲以「a」音為例,入聲以「at」音為例。
  • 耶魯粵語拼音在陽聲調元音後加「h」。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 初學粵音切要
  2. ^ 万波、甄沃奇:从《广东省土话字汇》看二百年前粤语古知庄章精组声母的分合类型 (PDF). [2018-09-22]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-09-22). 
  3. ^ 嚴棉:中古精莊章知四系在漢語方言中的歷史音變 (PDF). [2018-09-22]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-09-22). 
  4. ^ 梁懿:香港粵語塞擦音聲母變異研究 (PDF). [2016-05-16]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-01-10). 
  5. ^ 舊式粵語部份/ɐm/韻字讀/ɔːm/韻,部份方案把此韻分列。
  6. ^ 舊式粵語部份/ɐp/韻字讀/ɔːp/韻,部份方案把此韻分列。
  7. ^ 粵語口語音讀「/pʰɛːt̚˨/」,如「一坺泥」。
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 部份今天讀[ɵy]韻的字,在舊式粵語中讀[yː]韻,標作「üy」。

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