ভাৰত
ভাৰত গণৰাজ্য भारत गणराज्य
নীতিবাক্য (সংস্কৃত, দেৱনাগৰী) সত্যমেৱ জয়তে
ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সঙ্গীত জন গণ মন
জাতীয় সংগীত বন্দে মাতৰম্
ভাৰত-ৰ অৱস্থান গাঢ় সেউজীয়া ৰং ত দেখুওৱা এলেকা ভাৰতৰ দ্বাৰা নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত; পাতল সেউজীয়া ৰং ত দেখুওৱা অঞ্চলবোৰ ভাৰতে দাবী কৰে যদিও নিয়ন্ত্ৰণাধীন নহয়।
ৰাজধানী নতুন দিল্লী
বৃহত্তম নগৰ মুম্বাই
ৰাষ্ট্ৰভাষা (সমূহ) হিন্দী , ইংৰাজী
স্বীকৃত আঞ্চলিক ভাষাসমূহ
ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ভাষা
সংবিধানে নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা নাই
জাতীয়তাসূচক বিশেষণ ভাৰতীয়
চৰকাৰ সংসদীয় গণতন্ত্ৰ
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ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি দ্ৰৌপদী মূৰ্মু
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প্ৰধান মন্ত্ৰী নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোদী (বি জে পি )
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লোকসভা ৰ অধ্যক্ষঔম বিৰলা (বি জে পি )
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মুখ্য ন্যায়াধীশ সঞ্জীৱ খান্না স্বাধীনতা ব্ৰিটিছ যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ পৰা
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স্বাধীনতা লাভ
১৫ আগষ্ট ১৯৪৭
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গণতন্ত্ৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা
২৬ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫০
মাটিকালি
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মুঠ
৩২,৮৭,২৬৩ বৰ্গ কিমি (সপ্তম)
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জলভাগ (% )৯.৬ (৩,১৫,৫৭৭ বৰ্গ কিমি)
জনসংখ্যা
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২০১১ লোকপিয়ল
১,৩২,৬৫,৭২,০০০ (২য় )
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ঘনত্ব ৩৯৩.৬ প্ৰতি বৰ্গকিমি (৩১তম )
জিডিপি পিপিপি )২০১৭ আনুমানিক
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মুঠ
$৯.৪৮৯ ত্ৰিলিয়ন (৩য় )
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জনমুৰি
$৭,১৫৩
জিডিপি ২০১৭ আনুমানিক
-
মুঠ
$২.৪৫৪ ত্ৰিলিয়ন (৬ষ্ঠ)
-
জনমুৰি
$১,৮৫০
জিনি সহগ ? ৩৩.৯ (৭৯তম)
মানৱ উন্নয়ন সূচক [ 1] মধ্যম ) (১৩১ )
মুদ্ৰা ভাৰতীয় টকা (₹
সময় অঞ্চল ভাৰতীয় মান সময় (ইউটিচি +০৫:৩০)
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গ্ৰীষ্মকালীন (ডিএছটি )
পালন কৰা নহয় (ইউটিচি +০৫:৩০)
তাৰিখ বিন্যাস
dd/mm/yyyy
গাড়ী চলোৱা হয়
বাওঁ ফালে
ইণ্টাৰনেট টিএলডি .in; .ভাৰত
কলিং ক'ড +৯১
ভাৰত বা ভাৰতীয় প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ (ইংৰাজী : Republic of India ) দক্ষিণ এছিয়া ত অৱস্থিত এখন সাৰ্বভৌম গণতান্ত্ৰিক ৰাষ্ট্ৰ। ভৌগোলিক আয়তনৰ ফালৰ পৰা ভাৰত পৃথিৱী ৰ ভিতৰত সপ্তম বৃহত্তম ৰাষ্ট্ৰ , জনসংখ্যাৰ ফালৰ পৰা প্ৰথম তথা সৰ্ববৃহৎ গণতন্ত্ৰ। দক্ষিণে ভাৰত মহাসাগৰ , পশ্চিমে আৰৱ সাগৰ আৰু পূবে বঙ্গোপ সাগৰ ৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিবেষ্টিত ভাৰতৰ মুঠ উপকূলৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য হ'ল ৭,৫১৭ কিলোমিটাৰ (৪,৬৭১ মাইল)। এই দেশৰ চাৰিসীমাত অৱস্থিত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহ হ'ল- পশ্চিমে পাকিস্তান , উত্তৰ-পূবত চীন , নেপাল আৰু ভূটান , পূবে বাংলাদেশ আৰু ম্যানমাৰ । ভাৰত মহাসাগৰৰ মাজত অৱস্থিত শ্ৰীলঙ্কা , মালদ্বীপ আৰু ইন্দোনেচিয়া লগতে থাইলেণ্ড ভাৰতৰ নিকতৱৰ্তী ৰাষ্ট্ৰ। হিন্দু সভ্যতাৰ বসতি অঞ্চল তথা ঐতিহাসিক বাণিজ্য পথ আৰু একাধিক বিশাল সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ পটভূমি ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশ ইয়াৰ সুদীৰ্ঘ অৰ্থনৈতিক আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক ঐতিহ্যৰ বাবে সুপৰিচিত। পৃথিৱীৰ চাৰি প্ৰধান ধৰ্ম - হিন্দু , বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম , জৈন ধৰ্ম আৰু শিখ ধৰ্ম ৰ উৎপত্তি ভাৰতত। মধ্যযুগৰ আৰম্ভণিতে খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্ম, ইছলাম, ইহুদী আৰু পাৰ্চী ধৰ্মই ভাৰতৰ দক্ষিণ আৰু পশ্চিম উপকূলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে আৰু বিধিতাময় ভাৰতীয় সভ্যতাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে।[ 2] ইষ্ট ইণ্ডিয়া কোম্পানী ভাৰতত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে আৰু লাহে লাহে ভাৰতৰ ভূ-খণ্ডক নিজৰ অধীন কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। ঊনবিংশ শতিকাৰ মাজ ভাগলৈকে সমগ্ৰ ভাৰত ব্ৰিটিছ উপনিবেশত পৰিণত হয়। অৱশেষত অহিংস গৌৰৱময় স্বাধীনতা সংগ্ৰামৰ ফলত ১৯৪৭ চনৰ ১৫ আগষ্টত ভাৰতে এখন স্বাধীন ৰাষ্ট্ৰ হিচাপে আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।
ভাৰতীয় মহাকাব্য আৰু ভাৰতৰ সংবিধান দুয়োটাতে উল্লেখ কৰা 'ভাৰত' শব্দটো, বহু ভাৰতীয়েই ভিন্ন ভাষাত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে ।
ভাৰত ত ২৮ খন ৰাজ্য আৰু ৮ খন কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত অঞ্চল আছে। ৰাজধানী নতুন দিল্লী । ৰাজ্যৰ নিজৰ প্ৰশাসনীয় ব্যৱস্থা আছে। কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত অঞ্চলসমূহ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চৰকাৰে শাসন কৰে। তলত ভাৰতৰ ৰাজ্যসমূহ আৰু কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত ৰাজ্যসমূহৰ ৰাজধানীৰ তালিকা দিয়া হৈছে।
উল্লেখযোগ্য যে 'দাদৰা আৰু নগৰ হাভেলী' আৰু 'দমন আৰু দিউ' নামৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত অঞ্চল দুটা একেলগ কৰি 'দাদৰা আৰু নগৰ হাভেলী আৰু দমন আৰু দিউ' নামৰ এটা কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত অঞ্চল গঠনৰ প্ৰস্তাৱৰ কথা ভাৰত চৰকাৰে ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত ঘোষণা কৰিছিল । উক্ত বিধেয়কখন ২০১৯ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত সংসদত গৃহীত হয় আৰু ২০২০ চনৰ ২৬ জানুৱাৰীৰ পৰা কাৰ্যকৰী হয় ।[ 3]
প্ৰধান প্ৰবন্ধ:
ভাৰতীয় ভাষা হিন্দী হৈছে ভাৰতৰ অধিকাৰিক (অফিছিয়েল) ভাষা। ইংৰাজীক সহকাৰী অধিকাৰিক ভাষা হিচাপে গ্ৰহণ কৰা হয়। ৰাজ্য ভেদে স্থানীয় ভাষাক অধিকাৰিক ভাষা হিচাপে গ্ৰহণ কৰা হয়। ২০০৩ বৰ্ষৰ ৯২তম সংবিধান সংশোধনী অনুসৰি ভাৰতৰ স্বীকৃতিপ্ৰাপ্ত অধিকাৰিক ভাষাৰ সংখ্যা হৈছে ২২টা। এই ভাষাসমূহ হ’ল:
ভাষা
ভাষা পৰিয়াল
ভাষীকৰ সংখ্যা (২০০১, নিযুতত) [ 4]
ৰাজ্য
অসমীয়া হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, পূৰ্বাঞ্চল
১৩
অসম , অৰুণাচল প্ৰদেশ
উৰ্দু হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, মধ্য
৫২ (ভাৰতত)
জম্মু-কাশ্মীৰ, অন্ধ্ৰ প্ৰদেশ, দিল্লী, বিহাৰ , উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশ
ওড়িয়া হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, পূৰ্বাঞ্চল
৩৩
উৰিষ্যা
কন্নড় দ্ৰাবিড়
৩৮
কৰ্ণাটক
কাশ্মিৰী হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য
৫.৫
জম্মু আৰু কাশ্মীৰ
কোংকণী হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, দ্বাক্ষীণাত্য
২.৫
গোৱা , কৰ্ণাটক, মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ , কেৰালা
গুজৰাটী হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, পশ্চিমাঞ্চল
৪৬
দাদৰা আৰু নগৰ হাৱেলি , দমন আৰু দিউ , গুজৰাট
চাঁওতালি মুন্ডা
৬.৫
বিহাৰ , ছত্তীছগঢ়, ঝাড়খণ্ড আৰু উৰিষ্যাৰ অংশবিশেষ লৈ গঠিত চোট্টা নাগপুৰ পথাৰ -ৰ চাঁওতালি আদিবাসী সকল
ডোগ্ৰী হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, উত্তৰ-পশ্চিমাঞ্চল
২.৩
জম্মু আৰু কাশ্মীৰ
তামিল দ্ৰাবিড়
৬১
তামিলনাডু, আন্দামান আৰু নিকোবৰ দ্বীপপুঞ্জ, পণ্ডিচেৰী
তেলেগু দ্ৰাবিড়
৭৪
আন্দামান নিকোবৰ দ্বীপপুঞ্জ, অন্ধ্ৰ প্ৰদেশ, পণ্ডিচেৰী
নেপালী হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, উত্তৰাঞ্চল
২.৯ (ভাৰতত)
ছিক্কিম , পশ্চিমবংগ, অসম
পঞ্জাবী হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, উত্তৰ-পশ্চিমাঞ্চল
২৯ (ভাৰতত)
চণ্ডিগড়, দিল্লী, হাৰিয়ানা, পঞ্জাব
বঙালী হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, পূৰ্বাঞ্চল
৮৩ (ভাৰতত)
পশ্চিমবংগ , ত্ৰিপুৰা , আন্দামান আৰু নিকোবৰ দ্বীপপুঞ্জ আৰু অসম ৰ বৰাক উপত্যকাত
বড়ো তিব্বত-বৰ্মা
১.৪
অসম
মণিপুৰী (মেইতেই)তিব্বত-বৰ্মা
১.৫
মণিপুৰ
মালয়ালম দ্ৰাবিড়
৩৩
কেৰালা , আন্দামান আৰু নিকোবৰ দ্বীপপুঞ্জ, লাক্ষাদ্বীপ , পণ্ডিচেৰী
মাৰাঠী হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, দাক্ষিনাত্য
৭২
মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ, গোৱা , দাদৰ আৰু নগৰ হাৱেলি, দমন আৰু দিউ, মধ্য প্ৰদেশ, কৰ্ণাটক
মৈথিলী হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, পূৰ্বাঞ্চল
১২
বিহাৰ
সংস্কৃত হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য
০.০১
অক্ষেত্ৰীয়
সিন্ধী হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, উত্তৰ-পশ্চিমাঞ্চল
২.৫ (ভাৰতত)
অক্ষেত্ৰীয়
আদৰ্শ হিন্দী হিন্দ-আৰ্য্য, মধ্য
অজ্ঞাত[ 5]
আন্দামান আৰু নিকোবৰ দ্বীপপুঞ্জ, অৰুণাচল প্ৰদেশ , বিহাৰ , চণ্ডীগড় , ছত্তীছগঢ় , ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ৰাজধানী অঞ্চল দিল্লী , হাৰিয়ানা , হিমাচল প্ৰদেশ , ঝাড়খণ্ড , মধ্য প্ৰদেশ , ৰাজস্থান , উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশ আৰু উত্তৰাখণ্ড
উল্লেখযোগ্য যে হকী ভাৰতৰ 'অনাধিকাৰিক (আন-অ'ফিছিয়েল) ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় খেল'। ২০২০ চনত মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ধুলে জিলাৰ ময়ূৰেশ আগৰৱাল নামৰ এজন শিক্ষকে আৰ.টি.আই. (তথ্য জনাৰ অধিকাৰ)ৰ অধীনত ভাৰতৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় খেল হকী হয় নে নহয় এই সন্দৰ্ভত উত্তৰ বিচাৰি কেন্দ্ৰীয় চৰকাৰৰ ক্ৰীড়া আৰু যুৱ কল্যাণ মন্ত্ৰালয়লৈ আবেদন জনায়। তাৰ উত্তৰত চৰকাৰে জানিবলৈ দিয়ে যে ভাৰত চৰকাৰৰ দ্বাৰা হকী এতিয়াও ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় খেল হিচাপে অনুমোদিত বা গৃহীত হোৱা নাই।[ 8]
↑ "Human Development Report 2011" . United Nations. 2011. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 November 2011 . ↑
(a) Ludden 2014 , পৃষ্ঠা 54 ;
Asher & Talbot 2006 , পৃষ্ঠা 78–79 ;
Fisher 2018 , পৃষ্ঠা 76
↑ [1] ↑ অধিকাৰিক ২০০১ লোকপিয়লৰ তথ্য ↑ ২০০১ৰ জনগণনাত হিন্দী ভাষী লোকৰ সংখ্যা ভিন্ন ভিন্ন পোৱা যায়, ২৫.৮ কোটি আৰু ৪২.২ কোটি। কিন্তু দুয়োটাতে মানিক হিন্দীৰ লগতে অন্য ভাষা, যেনে ৰাজস্থানী (৮০ নিযুত), ভোজপুৰী (৪০ নিযুত), অৱধি (৩৮ নিযুত), ছত্তীছগঢ় (১৮ নিযুত) আৰু অন্যান্য ভাষাৰ ১০ নিযুততকৈ অধিক ভাষীকক অন্তৰ্ভূক্ত কৰা হৈছে।
↑ "National Symbols of India" . ENVIS Centre on Hygiene, Sanitation, Sewage Treatment Systems and Technology. http://www.sulabhenvis.nic.in/Database/NationalSymbolsofIndia_226.aspx । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2022-04-09 . ↑ জাতীয় নদী গঙ্গা ↑ [2]
Overview
"India" , The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency ), archived from the original on 11 June 2008, https://web.archive.org/web/20080611033144/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 4 October 2011 "Country Profile: India" (PDF), Library of Congress Country Studies Library of Congress Federal Research Division ), December 2004, http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/India.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 30 September 2011 Heitzman, J.; Worden, R. L. (August 1996), India: A Country Study , Area Handbook Series, প্ৰকাশক Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress , ISBN 978-0844408330 India International Monetary Fund , http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=534&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr1.x=88&pr1.y=9 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 14 October 2011 "Provisional Population Totals – Census 2011" , Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner (Ministry of Home Affairs , Government of India), 2011, http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/indiaatglance.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 March 2011 "Constituent Assembly of India—Volume XII" , Constituent Assembly of India: Debates (National Informatics Centre , Government of India), 24 January 1950, http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol12p1.htm , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 July 2011 There's No National Language in India: Gujarat High Court The Times Of India , 6 January 2007, archived from the original on 29 January 2014, https://web.archive.org/web/20140129070149/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-25/india/28148512_1_national-language-official-language-hindi , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 July 2011 "Table 1: Human Development Index and its Components" (PDF), Human Development Report 2011 , United Nations , 2011, http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf
Etymology
Hindustan Encyclopædia Britannica , http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/266465/Hindustan , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 July 2011 Kuiper, K., ed. (July 2010), Culture of India ISBN 978-1615302031 , http://books.google.com/?id=LiqloV4JnNUC (PDF) Constitution of India Ministry of Law and Justice , 29 July 2008, http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 July 2011 , "Article 1(1): "India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States."" "India" , Oxford English Dictionary Oxford University Press , http://www.oed.com/ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 July 2011
History
Asher, C. B.; Talbot, C. (1 January 2008), India Before Europe (1st সম্পাদনা), Cambridge University Press , ISBN 978-0521517508 Bose, S. ; Jalal, A. (11 March 2011), Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy (3rd সম্পাদনা), Routledge , ISBN 978-0415779425 Brown, J. M. (26 May 1994), Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy The Short Oxford History of the Modern World (2nd সম্পাদনা), Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0198731139 , http://books.google.com/books?id=PaKdsF8WzbcC Copland, I. (8 October 2001), India 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire Longman , ISBN 978-0582381735 , http://books.google.com/?id=Dw1uAAAAMAAJ Kulke, H. ; Rothermund, D. (1 August 2004), A History of India Routledge , ISBN 978-0415329200 , http://books.google.com/books?id=V73N8js5ZgAC Ludden, D. (13 June 2002), India and South Asia: A Short History , One World , ISBN 978-1851682379 Metcalf, B. ; Metcalf, T. R. (9 October 2006), A Concise History of Modern India Cambridge University Press , ISBN 978-0521682251 , http://books.google.com/books?id=iuESgYNYPl0C Peers, D. M. (3 August 2006), India under Colonial Rule 1700–1885 Pearson Longman , ISBN 978-0582317383 , http://books.google.com/?id=6iNuAAAAMAAJ Possehl, G. (January 2003), The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective Rowman Altamira , ISBN 978-0759101722 , http://books.google.com/books?id=pmAuAsi4ePIC Robb, P. (2001), A History of India , London: Palgrave, ISBN 978-0333691298 Sarkar, S. (1983), Modern India: 1885-1947 ISBN 978-0333904251 , http://books.google.com/?id=rVxuAAAAMAAJ Singh, U. (2009), A History of Ancient and Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century Longman , ISBN 978-8131716779 , http://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC Sripati, V. (1998), "Toward Fifty Years of Constitutionalism and Fundamental Rights in India: Looking Back to See Ahead (1950–2000)", American University International Law Review খণ্ড 14 (2): 413–496 Stein, B. (15 June 1998), A History of India ISBN 978-0631205463 , http://books.google.com/books?id=SXdVS0SzQSAC "Briefing Rooms: India" , Economic Research Service (United States Department of Agriculture ), 17 December 2009, archived from the original on 20 May 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110520002800/http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/India/ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 July 2011 Thapar, Romila (2003), Penguin history of early India: from the origins to A.D.1300 , http://books.google.com/books?id=O2OgAAAAMAAJ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 13 February 2012 Wolpert, S. (25 December 2003), A New History of India (7th সম্পাদনা), Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0195166781
Geography
Ali, J. R.; Aitchison, J. C. (2005), "Greater India", Earth-Science Reviews খণ্ড 72 (3–4): 170–173, doi :10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.005 Chang, J. H. (1967), "The Indian Summer Monsoon", Geographical Review খণ্ড 57 (3): 373–396, doi :10.2307/212640 (PDF) Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 with Amendments Made in 1988 the original on 21 July 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163118/http://forest.and.nic.in/fca1980.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 25 July 2011 Dikshit, K. R.; Schwartzberg, Joseph E. , Land Encyclopædia Britannica : pp. 1–29, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285248/India Kumar, V. S.; Pathak, K. C.; Pednekar, P.; Raju, N. S. N. (2006), "Coastal processes along the Indian coastline" (PDF), Current Science খণ্ড 91 (4): 530–536, http://drs.nio.org/drs/bitstream/2264/350/1/Curr_Sci_91_530.pdf India Yearbook 2007 , প্ৰকাশক New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , Government of India , 2007, ISBN 978-8123014234 Posey, C. A. (1 November 1994), The Living Earth Book of Wind and Weather , Reader's Digest , ISBN 978-0895776259 Prakash, B.; Kumar, S.; Rao, M. S.; Giri, S. C. (2000), "Holocene Tectonic Movements and Stress Field in the Western Gangetic Plains" (PDF), Current Science খণ্ড 79 (4): 438–449, archived from the original on 2004-10-30, https://web.archive.org/web/20041030195726/http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/aug252000/prakash.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2012-02-13
Biodiversity
Ali, S. (author) ; Ripley, S. D. (author) ; Dick, J. H. (illustrator) (15 August 1996), A Pictorial Guide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent (2nd সম্পাদনা), প্ৰকাশক Mumbai: Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0195637328 Basak, R. K. (1983), Botanical Survey of India: Account of Its Establishment, Development, and Activities , http://books.google.com/books?id=yXAVcgAACAAJ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 July 2011 "Hotspots by Region" , Biodiversity Hotspots (Conservation International ), 2007, http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/hotspots_by_region/Pages/default.aspx , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 February 2011 Crame, J. A.; Owen, A. W. (1 August 2002), Palaeobiogeography and Biodiversity Change: The Ordovician and Mesozoic–Cenozoic Radiations Geological Society of London , ISBN 978-1862391062 , http://books.google.com/books?id=YswVy5YolYsC&pg=PA142 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 8 December 2011 Fisher, W. F. (January 1995), Toward Sustainable Development?: Struggling over India's Narmada River M. E. Sharpe , ISBN 978-1563243417 , http://books.google.com/books?id=n-iwqh2hS9kC Griffiths, M. (6 July 2010), The Lotus Quest: In Search of the Sacred Flower St. Martin's Press , ISBN 978-0312641481 , http://books.google.com/books?id=f2cbyTCeq-EC Karanth, K. P. (25 March 2006), "Out-of-India Gondwanan Origin of Some Tropical Asian Biota" (PDF), Current Science Indian Academy of Sciences ) খণ্ড 90 (6): 789–792, archived from the original on 11 April 2019, https://web.archive.org/web/20190411223533/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/mar252006/789.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 18 May 2011 Mace, G. M. (March 1994), "1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals" , World Conservation Monitoring Centre (International Union for Conservation of Nature ), ISBN 978-2831701943 , http://books.google.com/books?id=dyy0HilL9ecC&pg=PR4 "Biosphere Reserves of India" , C. P. R. Environment Education Centre (Ministry of Environment and Forests , Government of India ), archived from the original on 25 July 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110725202217/http://www.cpreec.org/pubbook-biosphere.htm , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 July 2011 Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Ministry of Environments and Forests , Government of India, 9 September 1972, http://envfor.nic.in/legis/wildlife/wildlife1.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 25 July 2011 Puri, S. K., Biodiversity Profile of India , http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/hpg/cesmg/indiabio.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 June 2007 (PDF) The List of Wetlands of International Importance the original on 21 June 2007, https://web.archive.org/web/20070621011113/http://www.ramsar.org/sitelist.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 June 2007 Tritsch, M. F. (3 September 2001), Wildlife of India HarperCollins , ISBN 978-0007110629 , http://books.google.com/books?id=aNRQAAAACAAJ
Politics
Bhambhri, C. P. (1 May 1992), Politics in India, 1991–1992 ISBN 978-8185402178 , http://books.google.com/books?id=pf5HAAAAMAAJ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 July 2011 Burnell, P. J.; Calvert, P. (1 May 1999), The Resilience of Democracy: Persistent Practice, Durable Idea Taylor & Francis , ISBN 978-0714680262 , http://books.google.com/books?id=hv6TkML5_HAC&pg=PA271 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 July 2011 Second UPA Win, A Crowning Glory for Sonia's Ascendancy Business Standard , 16 May 2009, http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/second-upa-wincrowning-glory-for-sonia%5Cs-ascendancy/61892/on , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 13 June 2009 Chander, N. J. (1 January 2004), Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience ISBN 978-8180690921 , http://books.google.com/books?id=G_QtMGIczhMC&pg=PA117 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 July 2011 Dunleavy, P.; Diwakar, R.; Dunleavy, C. (2007) (PDF), The Effective Space of Party Competition London School of Economics and Political Science , archived from the original on 28 October 2007, https://web.archive.org/web/20071028005708/http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/government/PSPE/pdf/PSPE_WP5_07.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 27 September 2011 Dutt, S. (1998), "Identities and the Indian State: An Overview", Third World Quarterly খণ্ড 19 (3): 411–434, doi :10.1080/01436599814325 Echeverri-Gent, J. (January 2002), "Politics in India's Decentred Polity", in Ayres, A.; Oldenburg, P., Quickening the Pace of Change , India Briefing, প্ৰকাশক London: M. E. Sharpe , pp. 19–53, ISBN 978-0765608123 "Current Recognised Parties" (PDF), Election Commission of India , http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/Symbols_Sep_2009.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 July 2010 Gledhill, A. (30 March 1970), The Republic of India: The Development of its Laws and Constitution ISBN 978-0837128139 , http://books.google.com/books?id=cHAjPQAACAAJ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 21 July 2011 [সংযোগবিহীন উৎস Narasimha Rao Passes Away The Hindu , 24 December 2004, http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/24/stories/2004122408870100.htm , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2 November 2008 Mathew, K. M. (1 January 2003), Manorama Yearbook Malayala Manorama , ISBN 978-8190046183 , http://books.google.com/books?id=jDaLQwAACAAJ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 21 July 2011 "National Symbols of India" , Know India (National Informatics Centre , Government of India ), http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 27 September 2009 Neuborne, B. (2003), "The Supreme Court of India", International Journal of Constitutional Law খণ্ড 1 (1): 476–510, doi :10.1093/icon/1.3.476 Pylee, M. V. (2003), "The Longest Constitutional Document" , Constitutional Government in India (2nd সম্পাদনা), S. Chand , ISBN 978-8121922036 , http://books.google.com/?id=veDUJCjr5U4C Pylee, M. V. (2003), "The Union Judiciary: The Supreme Court" , Constitutional Government in India (2nd সম্পাদনা), S. Chand , ISBN 978-8121922036 , http://books.google.com/?id=veDUJCjr5U4C&pg=PA314 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2 November 2007 Sarkar, N. I. (1 January 2007), Sonia Gandhi: Tryst with India ISBN 978-8126907441 , http://books.google.com/books?id=26flsWUf8fkC , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 July 2011 Sharma, R. (1950), "Cabinet Government in India", Parliamentary Affairs খণ্ড 4 (1): 116–126 Sharma, B. K. (August 2007), Introduction to the Constitution of India Prentice Hall , ISBN 978-8120332461 , http://books.google.com/books?id=srDytmFE3KMC&pg=PA161 Sinha, A. (2004), "The Changing Political Economy of Federalism in India", India Review খণ্ড 3 (1): 25–63, doi :10.1080/14736480490443085 World's Largest Democracy to Reach One Billion Persons on Independence Day United Nations Population Division , http://www.un.org/esa/population/pubsarchive/india/ind1bil.htm , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 October 2011 Wheare, K. C. (June 1980), Federal Government (4th সম্পাদনা), Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0313227028
Foreign relations and military
Alford, P. (7 July 2008), G8 Plus 5 Equals Power Shift The Australian , http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/g8-plus-5-equals-power-shift/story-e6frg6t6-1111116838759 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 21 November 2009 Behera, L. K. (7 March 2011), Budgeting for India's Defence: An Analysis of Defence Budget 2011–2012 Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses , archived from the original on 24 September 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033402/http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/IndiasDefenceBudget2011-12_lkbehera_070311 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 4 April 2011 "Russia Agrees India Nuclear Deal" , BBC News British Broadcasting Corporation ), 11 February 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7883223.stm , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 August 2010 Curry, B. (27 June 2010), Canada Signs Nuclear Deal with India The Globe and Mail , http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/g8-g20/news/canada-signs-nuclear-deal-with-india/article1620801/ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 13 May 2011 "India, Europe Strategic Relations" , Europa: Summaries of EU Legislation (European Union ), 8 April 2008, http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/external_relations/relations_with_third_countries/asia/r14100_en.htm , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 14 January 2011 Ghosh, A. (1 September 2009), India's Foreign Policy Pearson , ISBN 978-8131710258 , http://books.google.com/books?id=Y32u4JMroQgC Gilbert, M. (17 December 2002), A History of the Twentieth Century William Morrow , ISBN 978-0060505943 , http://books.google.com/books?id=jhwY1j8Ao3kC&pg=PA486 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 July 2011 India, Russia Review Defence Ties The Hindu , 5 October 2009, http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2514142.ece , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 8 October 2011 Kumar, A. V. (1 May 2010), "Reforming the NPT to Include India" , Bulletin of Atomic Scientists , http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/reforming-the-npt-to-include-india , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 1 Nov 2010 Miglani, S. (28 February 2011), With An Eye on China, India Steps Up Defence Spending Reuters , http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/28/india-budget-military-idUSSGE71R02Y20110228 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 6 July 2011 Nair, V. K. (2007) (PDF), No More Ambiguity: India's Nuclear Policy the original on 27 September 2007, https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041401/http://www.afsa.org/fsj/oct02/nair.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 7 June 2007 Pandit, R. (27 July 2009), N-Submarine to Give India Crucial Third Leg of Nuke Triad The Times of India , archived from the original on 11 August 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110811144548/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-27/india/28212143_1_nuclear-powered-submarine-ins-arihant-nuclear-submarine , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 March 2010 Perkovich, G. (5 November 2001), India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation University of California Press , ISBN 978-0520232105 , http://books.google.com/books?id=UDA9dUryS8EC , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 July 2011 India, France Agree on Civil Nuclear Cooperation Rediff , 25 January 2008, http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jan/25france.htm , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 August 2010 UK, India Sign Civil Nuclear Accord Reuters , 13 February 2010, http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/02/13/us-india-britain-nuclear-idUSTRE61C21E20100213?type=politicsNews , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 August 2010 Ripsman, N. M.; Paul, T. V. (18 March 2010), Globalization and the National Security State Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0195393903 , http://books.google.com/books?id=7P87HIh9ajMC&pg=PA130 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 July 2011 Rothermund, D. (17 October 2000), The Routledge Companion to Decolonization Routledge , ISBN 978-0415356329 , http://books.google.com/books?id=ez37H0UPt_YC India Gets Its First Homegrown Fighter Jet RIA Novosti , 10 January 2011, http://en.rian.ru/world/20110110/162090932.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 1 April 2009 Sharma, S. R. (1 January 1999), India–USSR Relations 1947–1971: From Ambivalence to Steadfastness 1 , Discovery, ISBN 978-8171414864 , http://books.google.com/books?id=vTEge1JWK8oC Shukla, A. (5 March 2011), China Matches India's Expansion in Military Spending Business Standard , http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/china-matches-india%5Cs-expansion-in-military-spending/427365/ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 6 July 2011 Sisodia, N. S.; Naidu, G. V. C. (2005), Changing Security Dynamic in Eastern Asia: Focus on Japan ISBN 978-8186019528 , http://books.google.com/books?id=jSgfLG3Ib9wC "SIPRI Yearbook 2008: Armaments, Disarmament, and International Security" , Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (Oxford University Press ), 8 August 2008, ISBN 978-0199548958 , http://books.google.com/books?id=EAyQ9KCJE2gC&pg=PA178 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 July 2011 "India World's Largest Arms Importer According to New SIPRI Data on International Arms Transfers" , Stockholm International Peace Research Initiative , 14 March 2011, http://www.sipri.org/media/pressreleases/armstransfers , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 4 April 2011 India, US Sign 123 Agreement The Times of India , 11 October 2008, archived from the original on 7 November 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20111107021602/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-11/india/27905286_1_indian-nuclear-market-sign-landmark-civil-nuclear-field , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 21 July 2011
Economy
Alamgir, J. (24 December 2008), India's Open-Economy Policy: Globalism, Rivalry, Continuity Taylor & Francis , ISBN 978-0415776844 , http://books.google.com/books?id=JL7QfWJ5Yk0C , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 Bonner, B (20 March 2010), Make Way, World. India Is on the Move Christian Science Monitor , http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/The-Daily-Reckoning/2010/0320/Make-way-world.-India-is-on-the-move , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 "India Lost $462bn in Illegal Capital Flows, Says Report" , BBC News British Broadcasting Corporation ), 18 November 2010, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11782795 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 "India Second Fastest Growing Auto Market After China" , Business Line , http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/article988689.ece?ref=archive , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 India's Economy: Not Just Rubies and Polyester Shirts The Economist , 8 October 2011, http://www.economist.com/node/21531527 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 9 October 2011 "Indian Car Exports Surge 36%" , Express India , 13 October 2009, archived from the original on 2 January 2013, https://archive.ph/20130102144817/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/indian-car-exports-surge-36/528633/ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand International Monetary Fund , April 2011, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=20&pr.y=6&sy=1991&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=548%2C566%2C524%2C578%2C534%2C536%2C429&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a= , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 Farrell, D.; Beinhocker, E. (19 May 2007), Next Big Spenders: India's Middle Class McKinsey & Company , archived from the original on 16 November 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20111116211914/http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/mginews/bigspenders.asp , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 September 2011 Gargan, E. A. (15 August 1992), India Stumbles in Rush to a Free Market Economy The New York Times , http://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/15/world/india-stumbles-in-rush-to-a-free-market-economy.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 July 2011 (PDF) World Economic Outlook Update International Monetary Fund , June 2011, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/update/02/pdf/0611.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 July 2011 Nayak, P. B.; Goldar, B.; Agrawal, P. (10 November 2010), India's Economy and Growth: Essays in Honour of V. K. R. V. Rao SAGE Publications , ISBN 978-8132104520 , http://books.google.com/books?id=N1Ho2SGXUHwC Olson, R. G. (21 December 2009), "Technology and Science in Ancient Civilizations" , Praeger Series on the Ancient World (Praeger ), ISBN 978-0275989361 , http://books.google.com/books?id=0vP50ra6SYAC , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 27 September 2011 (PDF) Economic Survey of India 2007: Policy Brief Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , October 2007, archived from the original on 14 January 2009, https://web.archive.org/web/20090114195857/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/52/39452196.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 July 2011 Pal, P.; Ghosh, J. (July 2007), "Inequality in India: A Survey of Recent Trends" (PDF), Economic and Social Affairs: DESA Working Paper No. 45 (United Nations ), http://www.un.org/esa/desa/papers/2007/wp45_2007.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 (PDF) The World in 2050: The Accelerating Shift of Global Economic Power: Challenges and Opportunities PricewaterhouseCoopers , January2011, archived from the original on 1 February 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110201120211/http://www.pwc.com/en_GX/gx/world-2050/pdf/world-in-2050-jan-2011.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 Schwab, K. (2010) (PDF), The Global Competitiveness Report 2010–2011 World Economic Forum , http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2010-11.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 May 2011 Sheth, N. (28 May 2009), "Outlook for Outsourcing Spending Brightens" , The Wall Street Journal , http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124344190542659025.html#articleTabs_comments%3D%26articleTabs%3Darticle , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 3 October 2010 (PDF) Information Note to the Press (Press Release No.29 /2011) Telecom Regulatory Authority of India , 6 April 2011, archived from the original on 16 May 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110516025431/http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/trai/upload/PressReleases/816/Press_release_feb%20-11.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 Exporters Get Wider Market Reach The Times of India , 28 August 2009, archived from the original on 29 January 2014, https://web.archive.org/web/20140129074251/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-28/india-business/28205417_1_strategies-and-policy-measures-foreign-trade-policy-focus-market-scheme , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 (PDF) Corruption Perception Index 2010—India Continues to be Corrupt Transparency International , 26 October 2011, archived from the original on 28 July 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110728123451/http://transparencyindia.org/resource/press_release/Corruption%20Perception%20Index%20(CPI)%202010.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 New Global Poverty Estimates—What It Means for India World Bank , http://www.worldbank.org.in/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/INDIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21880725~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:295584,00.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 "India: Undernourished Children—A Call for Reform and Action" , World Bank the original on 13 June 2018, https://web.archive.org/web/20180613011526/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:20916955~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:223547,00.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 (PDF) Inclusive Growth and Service Delivery: Building on India's Success World Bank , 29 May 2006, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/DPR_FullReport.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 7 May 2009 India Country Overview September 2010 World Bank , September 2010, archived from the original on 22 May 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110522115104/http://www.worldbank.org.in/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/INDIAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20195738~menuPK%3A295591~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A141127~theSitePK%3A295584%2C00.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 Trade to Expand by 9.5% in 2010 After a Dismal 2009, WTO Reports World Trade Organisation , 26 March 2010, http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres10_e/pr598_e.htm , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 Yep, E. (27 September 2011), ReNew Wind Power Gets $201 Million Goldman Investment The Wall Street Journal , http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204422404576595972728958728.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 27 September 2011
Demographics
Bonner, A. (1990), Averting the Apocalypse: Social Movements in India Today Duke University Press , ISBN 978-0822310488 , http://books.google.com/books?id=uxJlAgRemHgC , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 24 July 2011 (PDF) Healthcare in India: Report Highlights the original on 26 February 2009, https://web.archive.org/web/20090226074045/http://bostonanalytics.com/india_watch/Healthcare%20in%20India%20Executive%20Summary.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 Dev, S. M.; Rao, N. C. (2009), India: Perspectives on Equitable Development ISBN 978-8171886852 , http://books.google.com/books?id=adhKjRoTjcIC Dharwadker, A. (28 October 2010), "Representing India's Pasts: Time, Culture, and Problems of Performance Historiography" , in Canning, C. M.; Postlewait, T., Representing the Past: Essays in Performance Historiography , University of Iowa Press , ISBN 978-1587299056 , http://books.google.com/books?id=Rgf0gbml2ocC , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 24 July 2011 Drèze, J.; Goyal, A. (9 February 2009), "The Future of Mid-Day Meals" , in Baru, R. V., School Health Services in India: The Social and Economic Contexts , SAGE Publications , ISBN 978-8178298733 , http://books.google.com/books?id=aQ39RO9OET4C&pg=PA46 Dyson, T.; Visaria, P. (7 July 2005), "Migration and Urbanisation: Retrospect and Prospects" , in Dyson, T.; Casses, R.; Visaria, L., Twenty-First Century India: Population, Economy, Human Development, and the Environment , Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0199283828 , http://books.google.com/books?id=bqU9T5c0wlYC Garg, S. C. (19 April 2005) (PDF), Mobilizing Urban Infrastructure Finance in India World Bank , http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMF/Resources/339747-1105651852282/Garg.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 27 January 2010 Mallikarjun, B (November 2004), "Fifty Years of Language Planning for Modern Hindi—The Official Language of India" , Language in India খণ্ড 4 (11), ISSN 19302940 , http://www.languageinindia.com/nov2004/mallikarjunmalaysiapaper1.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 24 July 2011 Notification No. 2/8/60-O.L Ministry of Home Affairs , Government of India , 27 April 1960, http://rajbhasha.nic.in/enpres-1960.htm , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 13 May 2011 "Religious Composition" , Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner (Ministry of Home Affairs , Government of India ), 2010–2011, http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 "Census Data 2001" , Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner (Ministry of Home Affairs , Government of India ), 2010–2011, http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/National_Summary/National_Summary_DataPage.aspx , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 July 2011 Ottenheimer, H. J. (2008), The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology ISBN 978-0495508847 , http://books.google.com/books?id=d4QHsORbZs4C Ratna, U. (2007), "Interface Between Urban and Rural Development in India" , in Dutt, A. K.; Thakur, B., City, Society, and Planning , 1 , Concept, ISBN 978-8180694592 , http://books.google.com/books?id=QDmZeW1H37IC Robinson, S. (1 May 2008), "India's Medical Emergency" , Time the original on 26 July 2013, https://web.archive.org/web/20130726160638/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1736516,00.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011 Rorabacher, J. A. (2010), Hunger and Poverty in South Asia ISBN 978-8121210270 , http://books.google.com/books?id=u6hriMcSsE4C Singh, S. (2004), Library and Literacy Movement for National Development ISBN 978-8180690655 , http://books.google.com/books?id=JmmeWL_9hqAC Skolnik, R. L. (2008), Essentials of Global Health Jones & Bartlett Learning , ISBN 978-0763734213 , http://books.google.com/books?id=XBARu3KzSNAC (PDF) Country Cooperation Strategy: India World Health Organisation , November 2006, http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_ind_en.pdf , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 July 2011
Culture
Binmore, K. G. (27 March 2007), Playing for Real: A Text on Game Theory Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0195300574 , http://books.google.com/books?id=eY0YhSk9ujsC&pg=PA98 "Saina Nehwal: India's Badminton Star and "New Woman"" , BBC News , http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-10725584 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 October 2010 "Commonwealth Games 2010: India Dominate Shooting Medals" , BBC News , http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9068886.stm , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 3 June 2011 "UN Report Slams India for Caste Discrimination" , CBC News Network Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ), 2 March 2007, http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2007/03/02/india-dalits.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 July 2007 Cullen-Dupont, K. (July 2009), Human Trafficking Infobase Publishing , ISBN 978-0816075454 , http://books.google.com/books?id=B2GeSNXy5CoC Das, S. K. (1 January 2005), A History of Indian Literature, 500–1399: From Courtly to the Popular , Sahitya Akademi , ISBN 978-8126021710 Datta, A. (2006), The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature , 2 , Sahitya Akademi , ISBN 978-8126011940 Dehejia, R. S. (7 November 2011), "Indian Grand Prix Vs. Encephalitis?" , The Wall Street Journal , http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/07/economics-journal-indian-grand-prix-vs-encephalitis/ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 December 2011 Deutsch, E. (30 April 1969), Advaita Vedānta: A Philosophical Reconstruction University of Hawaii Press , ISBN 978-0824802714 , http://books.google.com/books?id=63gdKwhHeV0C Dissanayake, W. K.; Gokulsing, M. (May 2004), Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change ISBN 978-1858563299 , http://books.google.com/?id=_plssuFIar8C&dq Southern Movies Account for over 75% of Film Revenues The Economic Times , 18 November 2009, archived from the original on 20 July 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110720232113/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-11-18/news/27638208_1_film-industry-small-budget-movies-farokh-balsara , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 18 June 2011 Indian Dance Encyclopædia Britannica , http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/556016/South-Asian-arts/65246/Indian-dance , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 July 2011 "Tamil Literature" , Encyclopædia Britannica the original on 10 April 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20160410060824/http://original.britannica.com/eb/article-9071111/Tamil-literature , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 24 July 2011 Eraly, A. (2008), India Penguin Books , ISBN 978-0756649524 , http://books.google.com/books?id=HUdHHuFZN_8C&pg=PA160 , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 24 July 2011 Hart, G. L. (August 1975), Poems of Ancient Tamil: Their Milieu and Their Sanskrit Counterparts University of California Press , ISBN 978-0520026728 , http://books.google.com/books?id=a5KwQwAACAAJ [সংযোগবিহীন উৎস Heehs, P. (editor) (1 September 2002), Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience ISBN 978-0814736500 , http://books.google.com/books?id=Jgsu-aIm3ncC , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 24 July 2011 Hoiberg, D.; Ramchandani, I. (2000), Students' Britannica India: Select Essays , Popular Prakashan , ISBN 978-0852297629 Johnson, W. J. (editor, translator) (1 September 2008), The Sauptikaparvan of the Mahabharata: The Massacre at Night , Oxford World's Classics (2nd সম্পাদনা), Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0192823618 Jones, G.; Ramdas, K. (2005), (Un)tying the Knot: Ideal and Reality in Asian Marriage ISBN 978-9810514280 , http://books.google.com/books?id=IttiQ3QdJ6YC Kālidāsa ; Johnson, W. J. (15 November 2001), The Recognition of Śakuntalā: A Play in Seven Acts , Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0192839114 Karanth, S. K. (October 2002), Yakṣagāna , Abhinav Publications, ISBN 978-8170173571 Kiple, K. F. (editor); Ornelas, K. C. (editor) (2000), The Cambridge World History of Food , প্ৰকাশক Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , ISBN 978-0521402163 Kuiper, K. (editor) (1 July 2010), The Culture of India ISBN 978-1615302031 , http://books.google.com/books?id=LiqloV4JnNUC , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 24 July 2011 Kumar, V. (January 2000), Vastushastra , All You Wanted to Know About Series (2nd সম্পাদনা), Sterling Publishing , ISBN 978-8120721999 Lal, A. (2004), The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0195644463 , http://books.google.com/books?id=DftkAAAAMAAJ , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 24 July 2011 MacDonell, A. A. (2004), A History of Sanskrit Literature Kessinger Publishing , ISBN 978-1417906192 Majumdar, B.; Bandyopadhyay, K. (2006), A Social History of Indian Football: Striving To Score , Routledge , ISBN 978-0415348355 Makar, E. M. (2007), An American's Guide to Doing Business in India ISBN 978-1598692112 , http://books.google.com/books?id=ujYmdNVIr7QC [সংযোগবিহীন উৎস Massey, R.; Massey, J. (1998), The Music of India ISBN 978-8170173328 , http://books.google.com/books?id=yySNDP9XVggC Medora, N. (2003), "Mate Selection in Contemporary India: Love Marriages Versus Arranged Marriages", in Hamon, R. R.; Ingoldsby, B. B., Mate Selection Across Cultures , SAGE Publications , p. 209–230, ISBN 978-0761925927 Is Boxing the New Cricket? Mint , 24 September 2010, http://www.livemint.com/2010/09/24211250/Is-boxing-the-new-cricket.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 October 2010 Nakamura, H. (1 April 1999), Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes Motilal Banarsidass , ISBN 978-8120802728 , http://books.google.com/books?id=w0A7y4TCeVQC Raichlen, S. (10 May 2011), A Tandoor Oven Brings India's Heat to the Backyard The New York Times , http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/11/dining/a-tandoor-oven-brings-indias-heat-to-the-backyard.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 14 June 2011 Rajadhyaksha, A. (editor); Willemen (editor), P. (22 January 1999), Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema (2nd সম্পাদনা), British Film Institute , ISBN 978-0851706696 Ramanujan, A. K. (translator) (15 October 1985), Poems of Love and War: From the Eight Anthologies and the Ten Long Poems of Classical Tamil Columbia University Press , pp. ix–x, ISBN 978-0231051071 , http://books.google.com/?id=nIybE0HRvdQC Anand Crowned World Champion Rediff , 29 October 2008, http://www.rediff.com/sports/2008/oct/29anand.htm , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 October 2008 Sarma, S. (1 January 2009), A History of Indian Literature , 1 (2nd সম্পাদনা), Motilal Banarsidass , ISBN 978-8120802643 Schwartzberg, J. (2011), Caste Encyclopædia Britannica , http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285248/India/46404/Caste , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 July 2011 Tarlo, E. (1 September 1996), Clothing Matters: Dress and Identity in India University of Chicago Press , ISBN 978-0226789767 , http://books.google.com/books?id=ByoTXhXCuyAC , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 24 July 2011 Sawant Shoots Historic Gold at World Championships The Times of India , 9 August 2010, archived from the original on 11 August 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110811095657/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-09/shooting/28278530_1_tejaswini-sawant-50m-rifle-world-shooting-championship , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 25 May 2011 India Aims for Center Court The Wall Street Journal , 11 September 2009, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203440104574406704026883502.html , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 September 2010 Xavier, L. (12 September 2010), Sushil Kumar Wins Gold in World Wrestling Championship The Times of India , archived from the original on 6 January 2012, https://web.archive.org/web/20120106234140/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-12/wrestling/28272312_1_sushil-kumar-first-indian-wrestler-semifinal-bout , আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 October 2010 Yadav, S. S.; McNeil, D.; Stevenson, P. C. (23 October 2007), Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times Springer , ISBN 978-1402063121 , http://books.google.com/?id=VfT6hZHpXPkC&pg=PA174 Zvelebil, K. V. (1 August 1997), Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature Brill Publishers , ISBN 978-9004093652 , http://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC
স্থানাংক : 21°N 78°E / 21°N 78°E / 21; 78
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