This article on the demographics of Mongolia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.
Youth in Mongolia constituted 18.7% of the population in 2014, numbering roughly 552,000 individuals.[3] The 15–19 age group is the largest in Mongolia; in 2009 about 40% of the population was under 19 years old.[4] Estimated population growth rates as of 2014 were reported as increasing by 1.37%.[5] The steady increase in youth will enlarge the already large proportion of working-aged individuals and create new opportunities to build human capital and facilitate economic development.[6]
Young Mongolian women prepare for an archery shoot
In order to address Mongolia's economic future, Mongolia's Parliament adopted the State Population Development Policy in 2004 to confront development issues facing Mongolian youth. This policy and the Mongolia National Programme on Adolescents and Youth Development defined youth as those from ages 15 to 34 years and aims to provide opportunities and services that build youth into well developed citizens.[6][7] Mongolia is in the process of transitioning from its status as a developing country to a nation with a developing economy.[8][9] According to the Human Development Index, conditions in Mongolia have been improving in recent years, but its ranking on the Human Poverty Index has dropped further due to the privatization of the economic sector.[5][6]
Mongolia's political structure has changed frequently since its founding in 1206. In the most recent transition to democracy in 1992, Mongolia incorporated policies directed towards youth.[4][10] Mongolia became one of the first countries to ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990 and signed the second and third optional protocols in 2000 and 2013 respectively.[11] Many of Mongolia’s laws and policies attempt to protect and better the lives of Mongolian youth. The legal age of majority occurs at 18, wherein Mongolian young adults are able to vote and assume legal authority.[12] The transition from a Soviet satellite state to a sovereign nation in 1992 fueled major structural changes in Mongolian youth lives. Access to education, employment, and health care has increased.[6][9][11]
2016 population pyramid of Mongolia via. CIA World Factbook
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 11.XI.2010):[18]
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
%
Total
1 313 968
1 333 577
2 647 545
100
0–4
146 516
141 981
288 497
10.90
5–9
110 117
106 097
216 214
8.17
10–14
120 064
116 801
236 865
8.95
15–19
130 560
127 085
257 645
9.73
20–24
147 472
144 711
292 183
11.04
25–29
124 490
123 493
247 983
9.37
30–34
111 976
110 546
222 522
8.40
35–39
100 819
101 564
202 383
7.64
40–44
88 273
90 994
179 267
6.77
45–49
77 475
81 281
158 756
6.00
50–54
58 009
64 073
122 082
4.61
55–59
33 384
38 605
71 989
2.72
60–64
22 106
27 347
49 453
1.87
65–69
17 262
20 970
38 232
1.44
70–74
13 081
16 251
29 332
1.11
75–79
7 252
11 365
18 617
0.70
80–84
3 258
5 908
9 166
0.35
85–89
1 378
3 037
4 415
0.17
90–94
383
1 076
1 459
0.06
95–99
80
322
402
0.02
100+
13
70
83
<0.01
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
376 697
364 879
741 576
28.01
15–64
894 564
909 699
1 804 263
68.15
65+
42 707
58 999
101 706
3.84
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2013) :
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
%
Total
1 409 648
1 489 363
2 899 011
100
0–4
158 578
153 763
312 341
10.77
5–9
121 534
118 706
240 240
8.29
10–14
119 093
116 891
235 984
8.14
15–19
125 751
127 324
253 075
8.73
20–24
149 565
154 323
303 888
10.48
25–29
143 113
149 877
292 990
10.11
30–34
122 710
130 973
253 683
8.75
35–39
111 396
119 629
231 025
7.97
40–44
95 134
104 034
199 168
6.87
45–49
82 000
91 869
173 868
6.00
50–54
65 965
75 237
141 201
4.87
55–59
42 749
50 508
93 257
3.22
60–64
25 525
31 862
57 386
1.98
65–69
17 524
22 340
39 864
1.38
70–74
14 689
18 102
32 790
1.13
75–79
8 092
11 753
19 845
0.68
80–84
4 126
7 454
11 580
0.40
85–89
1 512
3 020
4 532
0.16
90–94
509
1 343
1 852
0.06
95–99
73
281
354
0.01
100+
15
80
95
<0.01
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
399 205
389 360
788 565
27.20
15–64
963 903
1 035 630
1 999 533
68.97
65+
46 540
64 373
110 913
3.83
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 09.I.2020): [19]
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
%
Total
1 576 930
1 620 090
3 197 020
100
0–4
196 803
186 456
383 259
11.99
5–9
188 352
179 962
368 314
11.52
10–14
140 208
134 666
274 874
8.60
15–19
110 141
106 626
216 767
6.78
20–24
113 271
112 114
225 385
7.05
25–29
130 143
129 056
259 199
8.11
30–34
143 491
143 359
286 850
8.97
35–39
119 621
120 173
239 794
7.50
40–44
106 169
109 049
215 218
6.73
45–49
93 162
98 495
191 657
5.99
50–54
76 257
86 183
162 440
5.08
55–59
64 238
76 928
141 166
4.42
60–64
41 768
54 458
96 226
3.01
65–69
22 808
32 535
55 343
1.73
70–74
12 878
19 928
32 806
1.03
75–79
9 984
15 179
25 163
0.79
80–84
4 918
8 293
13 211
0.41
85–89
2 069
4 792
6 861
0.21
90–94
527
1 370
1 897
0.06
95–99
110
401
511
0.02
100+
12
67
79
<0.01
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
525 363
501 084
1 026 447
32.11
15–64
998 261
1 036 441
2 034 702
63.64
65+
53 306
82 565
135 871
4.25
Ethnicity and languages
The demonym for the people of Mongolia is Mongolian. The name Mongol usually accounts for people of the Mongol ethnic group, thus excluding Turkic groups such as Kazakhs and Tuvans.
Ethnic Mongols account for about 96% of the population and consist of Khalkh and other subgroups, all distinguished primarily by dialects of the Mongolian language. The Khalkhs make up 86% of the ethnic Mongol population. The remaining 14% include Oirats, Buryats and others. Ethnic distinctions among the Mongol subgroups are relatively minor. Language or tribal differences are not a political or social issue.[citation needed]
Turkic speaking Kazakhs form the largest ethnic minority and constitute c. 3.9% of Mongolia's population. Khotons and Chantuu are Mongolized people with Turkic origin and speak Mongolian.
After a decline in enrollment ratios during the transition to a market economy in the 1990s, school attendance is now once more near-universal: primary school attendance rate is estimated at 97%, and adult literacy at 98%.[27]
Various forms of Shamanism have been widely practiced throughout the history of what is now Mongolia, as such beliefs were common among nomadic people in Asian history. Such beliefs gradually gave way to Tibetan Buddhism, but shamanism has left a mark on Mongolian religious culture, and continues to be practiced.
Traditionally, Tibetan Buddhism was the predominant religion. However, it was suppressed under the communist regime until 1990, with only one showcase monastery allowed to remain. Since 1990, as liberalization began, Buddhism has encountered a resurgence.
Religions in Mongolia (population aged 15 and above)
Life in sparsely populated Mongolia has become more urbanized. Nearly half of the people live in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in other provincial centers. Semi nomadic life still predominates in the countryside, but settled agricultural communities are becoming more common. Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.6% (2020 census). About two-thirds of the total population is under age 30, 36% of whom are under 14.
Key: For population growth 1979–2008
Salmon cells indicate that the population has declined or experienced minimal (<1%) growth.
Light green cells indicate a growth between 1–2%.
Dark green cells indicate a growth of greater than or equal to 2%.
^ abSneath, David (1993-01-01). "Social relations, networks and social organisation in post-socialist rural Mongolia". Nomadic Peoples. 33: 193–207.
^ abcdHill, Peter S; Dodd, Rebecca; Dashdorj, Khurelmaa (2006). "Health Sector Reform and Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Mongolia". Reproductive Health Matters. 14 (27): 91–100. doi:10.1016/s0968-8080(06)27226-4. PMID16713883. S2CID12717002.
^"2020 Population and Housing Census"(PDF). National Statistics Office of Mongolia. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
