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Louis Barthou

Louis Barthou
Louis Barthou
Louis Barthou
Primeiro-ministro da França
Período 22 de Março de 1913

até 9 de Dezembro de 1913

Antecessor(a) Aristide Briand
Sucessor(a) Gaston Doumergue
Dados pessoais
Nascimento 25 de Agosto de 1862
Morte 9 de Outubro de 1934
Assinatura Assinatura de Louis Barthou

Jean Louis Barthou GCTEGCSE (Oloron-Sainte-Marie, 25 de agosto de 1862Marselha, 9 de outubro de 1934) foi um político francês. Ocupou o cargo de primeiro-ministro da França, entre 22 de março de 1913 e 9 de dezembro de 1913.

Vida

Ocupou uma enorme variedade de cargos ministeriais: ministro da Instrução Pública, ministro da Justiça, Ministro dos Negócios Estrangeiros, ministro das Obras Públicas, ministro de Estado, ministro do Interior e ministro da Guerra por variadas ocasiões entre 1894 e a data em que foi assassinado.[1][2][3]

Ocupou a Cadeira 28 da Academia Francesa a partir de 1918.[1][2][3]

A 29 de Maio de 1924 foi agraciado com a Grã-Cruz da Ordem Militar de Sant'Iago da Espada de Portugal e a 5 de Outubro de 1934 com a Grã-Cruz da Ordem Militar da Torre e Espada, do Valor, Lealdade e Mérito de Portugal.[4]

Louis Barthou foi o principal responsável por um Pacto Franco-Soviético de Assistência Mútua, que acabou por ser assinado pelo seu sucessor Pierre Laval. Ocupava o cargo de Ministro dos Negócios Estrangeiros quando foi assassinado em Marselha em 1934 no atentado que vitimou o Rei Alexandre I da Jugoslávia cometido por Vlado Chernozemski.[1][2][3]

Crise de 1934

Após os distúrbios de 6 de fevereiro de 1934, o ex-presidente da República Gaston Doumergue foi chamado por Albert Lebrun para formar um governo de unidade nacional em uma tentativa de estabilizar a política interna. Para isso, o novo chefe de governo está cercado de dois pesos-pesados políticos, próximos ao atual chefe de Estado: Albert Sarraut no Interior e Louis Barthou nas Relações Exteriores, seu cargo favorito.[1][2][3]

Louis Barthou tentou lutar contra as maquinações de Hitler, atraindo a Grã-Bretanha, a Itália e a União Soviética para uma frente antialemã. Ele defendeu o isolamento da Alemanha, estabelecendo uma série de alianças contra ela com os estados da Europa Central aliados à França (Polônia e a Pequena Entente). Seu plano para um Pacto Oriental, no entanto, terminou em fracasso.[1][2][3]

Ministério

Ministério de Barthou, 22 de março de 1913 - 9 de dezembro de 1913

  • Louis Barthou - Presidente do Conselho e Ministro da Instrução Pública e Belas Artes
  • Stéphen Pichon - Ministro das Relações Exteriores
  • Eugène Étienne - Ministro da Guerra
  • Louis Lucien Klotz - Ministro do Interior
  • Charles Dumont - Ministro das Finanças
  • Henry Chéron - Ministro do Trabalho e Provisões de Previdência Social
  • Antony Ratier - Ministro da Justiça
  • Pierre Baudin - Ministro da Marinha
  • Étienne Clémentel - Ministro da Agricultura
  • Jean Morel - Ministro das Colônias
  • Joseph Thierry - Ministro de Obras Públicas
  • Alfred Massé - Ministro do Comércio, Indústria, Correios e Telégrafos

Obras literárias e históricas

Paralelamente à sua atividade política, Louis Barthou publicou livros sobre literatura e história. Foi eleito membro da Académie française em 2 de maio de 1918. Ele fez dois elogios: o de Joseph Bédier em 1921 e o de Albert Besnard em 1924. Em 1921, fundou a revista Byblis: miroir des arts du livre et de l'estampe, que confiou a Pierre Gusman e que publicou dez volumes até 1931.

As principais publicações de Louis Barthou são:

  • Notes de voyage: en Belgique et en Hollande, trois jours en Allemagne, 1888;
  • Thiers et la loi Falloux, 1903 (online);
  • Mirabeau, 1913;
  • Impressions et essais, 1913;
  • Lamartine orateur, 1916 (online);
  • L'Heure du droit: France, Belgique, Serbie, 1916;
  • Toute la France pour toute la Guerre, palestra proferida em Genebra em 26 de julho de 1916, em "Pages actuelles 1914-1916" n° 95, Bloud et Gay, 1916; (texte sur Internet Archive);
  • Sur les routes du droit, 1918;
  • Les Amours d'un poète: documents inédits sur Victor Hugo, 1918;
  • La Bataille du Maroc, 1919;
  • Le Traité de paix, 1919 (online);
  • Le Politique, 1923 (online);
  • Wagner et le Recul du temps, 1924;
  • La Vie ardente de Richard Wagner, Flammarion, 1925;
  • Voyage à travers mes livres: autour de Lamartine, 1925;
  • Victor Hugo, élève de Biscarrat, 1925;
  • Le Neuf thermidor, Hachette, 1926;
  • Rachel, 1926;
  • Paroles vécues, 1928;
  • Danton, 1932;
  • Promenades autour de ma vie: lettres de la montagne, 1933;
  • Leconte de Lisle et Jean Marras: documents inédits, 1933 (wikisource);
  • Lettres à un jeune Français (s. d.).

Ver também

Referências

  1. a b c d e Atkin, Nicholas. "Power and Pleasure. Louis Barthou and the Third French Republic." Journal of European Studies 23.91 (1993): 357-359
  2. a b c d e French, G. "Louis Barthou and the German Question: 1934." Report of the Annual Meeting. Vol. 43. No. 1. 1964
  3. a b c d e Young, Robert J. "A Talent for All Seasons: The Life and Times of Louis Barthou." Queen's Quarterly 98.4 (1991): 846-64
  4. «Cidadãos Estrangeiros Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas». Resultado da busca de "Louis Barthou". Presidência da República Portuguesa. Consultado em 16 de abril de 2015 

Precedido por
Aristide Briand
Primeiro-ministro da França
1913
Sucedido por
Gaston Doumergue

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