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Element

Aynı adlı albüm için Element (albüm) sayfasına bakınız.
Periyodik tablo.

Element, aynı cins atomlardan oluşan ve kimyasal yollarla kendinden daha basit ve farklı maddelere ayrılamayan saf maddelere verilen isimdir.

Her farklı kimyasal element farklı atom numarasına sahiptir. Atom numarası atomdaki proton sayısını (çekirdek yükünü) gösteren sayıdır. Bir elementin tüm atomlarında aynı sayıda proton bulunur. Proton sayıları aynı, nötron sayısı (kütle numaraları [= proton sayısı + nötron sayısı]) farklı atomlara izotop denir.[1]

Toplam 118 adet element bulunmuştur. Bunların 96 tanesi Dünya üzerinde doğal olarak bulunmaktadır. 80 adet element kararlı izotopa sahiptir. Bu elementler, atom numarası 43 ve 61 (teknetyum ve prometyum) dışında atom numarası 1'den 82'ye kadar olan atomlardır. Atom numarası 83 ve daha fazlası olan atomlar (bizmut ve fazlası) kesinlikle kararlı değildirler ve radyoaktif özellikler barındırırlar. Atom numarası 83'ten 94'e kadar olanlar kararlı değillerdir.

İnsan vücudunda elementler

Bir element insan vücudunda yüzde miligram mertebesinde bulunursa bu elemente makroelement (majörelement, plastik element) denir. Diğerlerine nazaran daha az oranda (yüzde mikrogram mertebesinde) bulunanlara ise izelement (oligoelement, minörelement, katalitik element) adı verilir. Minörelementler genellikle enzim, hormon gibi vücutta önemli fonksiyonu olan maddelere bağlı olarak görev yaparlar.

İyon halinde bulunanlar

Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-, PO43-, HPO42- gibi iyonlar halinde bulunurlar. Elektrolit dengeyi sağlarlar. Ayrıca vücutta su dengesinin ve osmotik basıncın ayarlanması iyon halindeki elementlerle sağlanır.

Kompleks Halinde Bulunanlar

Hemoglobinde, miyoglobinde demir (Fe) bulunur, çeşitli enzimlerin yapısında da metal iyonları bulunmaktadır. Bunların haricinde silisyum (Si), alüminyum (Al), kalay (Sn) ve arsenik (As) de az miktarda bulunabilir. Kurşun (Pb) ve kadmiyum (Cd) da yiyecek kapları ve kirli hava ile vücuda girebilir.

Z
Sembol
İsim
1 H Hidrojen
2 He Helyum
3 Li Lityum
4 Be Berilyum
5 B Bor
6 C Karbon
7 N Azot
8 O Oksijen
9 F Flor
10 Ne Neon
11 Na Sodyum
12 Mg Magnezyum
13 Al Alüminyum
14 Si Silisyum
15 P Fosfor
16 S Kükürt
17 Cl Klor
18 Ar Argon
19 K Potasyum
20 Ca Kalsiyum
21 Sc Skandiyum
22 Ti Titanyum
23 V Vanadyum
24 Cr Krom
25 Mn Mangan
26 Fe Demir
27 Co Kobalt
28 Ni Nikel
29 Cu Bakır
30 Zn Çinko
31 Ga Galyum
32 Ge Germanyum
33 As Arsenik
34 Se Selenyum
35 Br Brom
36 Kr Kripton
37 Rb Rubidyum
38 Sr Stronsiyum
39 Y İtriyum
40 Zr Zirkonyum
41 Nb Niobyum
42 Mo Molibden
43 Tc Teknesyum
44 Ru Rutenyum
45 Rh Rodyum
46 Pd Paladyum
47 Ag Gümüş
48 Cd Kadmiyum
49 In İndiyum
50 Sn Kalay
51 Sb Antimon
52 Te Tellür
53 I İyot
54 Xe Ksenon
55 Cs Sezyum
56 Ba Baryum
57 La Lantan
58 Ce Seryum
59 Pr Praseodim
60 Nd Neodimyum
Z
Sembol
İsim
61 Pm Prometyum
62 Sm Samaryum
63 Eu Evropiyum
64 Gd Gadolinyum
65 Tb Terbiyum
66 Dy Disprozyum
67 Ho Holmiyum
68 Er Erbiyum
69 Tm Tulyum
70 Yb İterbiyum
71 Lu Lutetyum
72 Hf Hafniyum
73 Ta Tantal
74 W Volfram
75 Re Renyum
76 Os Osmiyum
77 Ir İridyum
78 Pt Platin
79 Au Altın
80 Hg Cıva
81 Tl Talyum
82 Pb Kurşun
83 Bi Bizmut
84 Po Polonyum
85 At Astatin
86 Rn Radon
87 Fr Fransiyum
88 Ra Radyum
89 Ac Aktinyum
90 Th Toryum
91 Pa Protaktinyum
92 U Uranyum
93 Np Neptünyum
94 Pu Plütonyum
95 Am Amerikyum
96 Cm Küriyum
97 Bk Berkelyum
98 Cf Kaliforniyum
99 Es Aynştaynyum
100 Fm Fermiyum
101 Md Mendelevyum
102 No Nobelyum
103 Lr Lavrensiyum
104 Rf Rutherfordiyum
105 Db Dubniyum
106 Sg Seaborgiyum
107 Bh Bohriyum
108 Hs Hassiyum
109 Mt Meitneriyum
110 Ds Darmstadtiyum
111 Rg Röntgenyum
112 Cn Kopernikyum
113 Nh Nihonyum
114 Fl Flerovyum
115 Mc Moskovyum
116 Lv Livermoryum
117 Ts Tennesin
118 Og Oganesson
- - -
- - -

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Katsuya Yamada. "Atomic mass, isotopes, and mass number" (PDF) (İngilizce). Los Angeles Pierce College. 11 Ocak 2014 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. 

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