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2024 United States presidential election in Ohio

For related races, see 2024 United States presidential election.
2024 United States presidential election in Ohio
← 2020 November 5, 2024 2028 →
Reporting
96%
as of Nov. 10, 2024, 2:00 PM EDT
 
Nominee Donald Trump Kamala Harris
Party Republican Democratic
Home state Florida California
Running mate JD Vance Tim Walz
Electoral vote 17 0
Popular vote 3,116,579 2,476,003
Percentage 55.23% 43.88%
County results
President before election

Joe Biden
Democratic

Elected President

Donald Trump
Republican

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The 2024 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Ohio voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. Ohio had 17 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state lost a seat.[1]

A heavily populated Midwestern state located mainly in the Rust Belt, and the southern portion of the state having cultural influence from the Upper South and Bible Belt, Ohio had been considered a vital bellwether state for decades and had been decided by single digits at the presidential level since 1992, but has been trending towards the political right in recent years and is now considered a moderately red state. The state voted significantly more Republican than the U.S. at large when Donald Trump carried the state by just over eight points in the past two elections, despite polls showing a tight race in both cycles, especially in 2020, in which the state backed the losing presidential candidate for the first time in 60 years. This is the first time since 1988 that the state voted Republican in three consecutive presidential elections and the first time since 2012 that it voted for the winner of the national popular vote.

The GOP's success in Ohio during the 2022 midterms has further testified to the state's rightward shift and the end of its swing-state status at the presidential level. Ohio was widely expected to be carried again by Trump in the November general election.[2] JD Vance's selection was seen as a strategic effort to bolster support in the Midwest (especially his home state) and among Trump supporters. Independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. gathered enough signatures to appear on the ballot.[3]

Donald Trump would go on to win Ohio for the third straight election, defeating Kamala Harris by 11.35 percentage points in the biggest margin of victory since 1984.

The election was held concurrently with a U.S. Senate race in Ohio, in which Republican nominee Bernie Moreno unseated Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown, which was partly credited to Trump's overall success in the state. Additionally, an attempt to establish a redistricting commission (with the goal of ending gerrymandering) was proposed on the state's ballot but was defeated after being denounced by Trump.[4][5] This was also, in part, credited towards Trump's popularity in the state amongst other factors.[6]

Primary elections

Democratic primary

Main article: 2024 Ohio Democratic presidential primary

The Ohio Democratic primary was held on March 19, 2024, alongside the Arizona, Illinois, and Kansas primaries.

Ohio Democratic primary, March 19, 2024[7]
Candidate Votes Percentage Actual delegate count
Bound Unbound Total
Joe Biden (incumbent) 461,558 87.06% 124
Dean Phillips (withdrawn) 68,629 12.94% 3
Total: 530,187 100.00% 127 16 133


Republican primary

Main article: 2024 Ohio Republican presidential primary

The Ohio Republican primary was held on March 19, 2024, alongside primaries in Arizona, Florida, and Illinois.

Ohio Republican primary, March 19, 2024[8]
Candidate Votes Percentage Actual delegate count
Bound Unbound Total
Donald Trump 896,059 79.21% 79 79
Nikki Haley (withdrawn) 162,563 14.37%
Ron DeSantis (withdrawn) 38,089 3.37%
Chris Christie (withdrawn) 20,027 1.77%
Vivek Ramaswamy (withdrawn) 14,450 1.28%
Total: 1,131,188 100.00% 79 79

General election

Predictions

Source Ranking As of
Cook Political Report[9] Solid R December 19, 2023
Inside Elections[10] Likely R April 26, 2023
Sabato's Crystal Ball[11] Safe R June 13, 2024
Decision Desk HQ/The Hill[12] Likely R December 14, 2023
CNalysis[13] Likely R November 4, 2024
CNN[14] Solid R January 14, 2024
The Economist[15] Safe R November 1, 2024
538[16] Likely R June 11, 2024
NBC News[17] Safe R October 6, 2024
YouGov[18] Safe R November 1, 2024
Split Ticket[19] Likely R November 1, 2024

Democratic ballot access controversy

Due to the Democratic National Convention taking place on August 19, 2024, which occurs more than a week after the August 7 deadline to certify a presidential candidate for office, under ordinary rules, the eventual Democratic nominee would be disqualified from the ballot.[20][21] Efforts to create an emergency fix had stalled in the Ohio Legislature. The state House adjourned without considering a fix on May 8.[22] On May 21, Ohio Secretary of State Frank LaRose provided an update confirming that efforts to rectify the situation were at an impasse, as the state legislature would not take up the issue and the Ohio Democratic Party had offered no "legally acceptable remedy" up to that point. He further clarified that if the party does not work toward a solution themselves, their presidential nominee will not be listed on the November ballot.[23]

On May 23, Governor Mike DeWine called for a special legislative session and tasked lawmakers with ensuring Biden's inclusion on the ballot. Republican leaders in the state Senate, with DeWine's support, hope to pass a bill that will tie solving the ballot access issue to a ban on foreign contributions toward ballot measure efforts in the state. Ohio Democratic Party chair Elizabeth Walters and state House minority leader Allison Russo have signaled their opposition to the ban, which has been described as a poison pill amendment; a spokesperson for DeWine later said that a bill dealing only with the ballot access issue could also be considered.[24]

After the state legislature appeared unable to address the issue, the Democratic Party announced on May 28 that a virtual roll call nomination, similar to the process used by the party in 2020, would take place two weeks before the 2024 Democratic National Convention to nominate Biden and meet Ohio's deadline.[25] Nonetheless, the Ohio legislature passed a bill on June 1 extending the deadline to August 23,[26] which DeWine signed on June 2.[27] However, because the law did not take effect until September 1, Democrats continued with the roll call to meet the original deadline.[28]

Green Party ballot access controversy

Green Party nominee Jill Stein also appeared on the ballot, though votes for her did not count due to her nominating a running mate after the state deadline. Citing the law that allowed Joe Biden to be nominated, the Green Party attempted to use this exact ruling in their favor to swap VP candidates. However, VP candidate Anita Rios testified in federal court that she did not sign the withdraw form and that someone unknown to the Stein campaign submitted a forgery of her signature. The Green Party argued that the Secretary of State should have never accepted the withdraw letter, saying the signature of Rios was a PDF copy from her 2014 governorship candidacy paperwork.[29] The Stein campaign stated that a letter to the Ohio Secretary of State requesting removal from the ballot was "fraudulent".[30]

A hearing to restore ballot access for Stein was scheduled for October 22, in which the federal courts abstained from making a ruling on the case. The Stein campaign and the Ohio Green Party announced that they will continue the lawsuit to make the votes for Stein-Rios in Ohio count.[31]

Polling

Donald Trump vs. Kamala Harris

Aggregate polls

Source of poll
aggregation 		Dates
administered 		Dates
updated 		Kamala
Harris
Democratic 		Donald
Trump
Republican 		Other /
Undecided
[a] 		Margin
270ToWin October 22 – November 4, 2024 November 4, 2024 44.3% 52.0% 3.7% Trump +7.7%
538 through November 4, 2024 November 4, 2024 43.4% 52.3% 4.3% Trump +8.8%
The Hill/DDHQ through November 3, 2024 November 3, 2024 44.6% 52.2% 3.2% Trump +7.6%
Average 44.1% 52.2% 3.7% Trump +8.1%
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Donald
Trump
Republican 		Kamala
Harris
Democratic 		Other /
Undecided
AtlasIntel[32] November 3–4, 2024 1,022 (LV) ± 3.0% 54% 45% 1%
Trafalgar Group (R)[33] November 2–4, 2024 1,095 (LV) ± 2.9% 52% 45% 3%[c]
Emerson College[34][A] October 30 − November 2, 2024 900 (LV) ± 3.2% 54% 42% 4%[d]
54.7%[e] 43.5% 1.9%
Morning Consult[35] October 23 − November 1, 2024 1,254 (LV) ± 3.0% 53% 44% 3%
Trafalgar Group (R)[36][B] October 25–28, 2024 1,127 (LV) ± 2.9% 52% 46% 2%[f]
ActiVote[37] October 5−28, 2024 400 (LV) ± 4.9% 54% 46% –
CES/YouGov[38] October 1–25, 2024 3,120 (A) – 52% 45% 3%
3,091 (LV) 52% 45% 3%
J.L. Partners[39] October 22−24, 2024 997 (LV) ± 3.1% 53% 44% 3%
University of Akron[40] September 12 – October 24, 2024 1,241 (RV) ± 2.8% 51% 44% 5%
Bowling Green State University/YouGov[41] October 10−21, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.6% 50% 43% 5%[g]
Morning Consult[35] October 6−15, 2024 1,243 (LV) ± 3.0% 52% 45% 3%
Rasmussen Reports (R)[42][C] October 9−14, 2024 1,051 (LV) ± 3.0% 51% 44% 5%[c]
Washington Post[43] October 3–7, 2024 1,002 (RV) ± 3.5% 51% 44% 5%[h]
1,002 (LV) 51% 45% 4%[i]
Marist College[44] October 3–7, 2024 1,511 (RV) ± 3.0% 52% 46% 2%[j]
1,327 (LV) ± 3.2% 52% 46% 2%[j]
ActiVote[45] August 28 – September 30, 2024 400 (LV) ± 4.9% 54% 46% –
Bowling Green State University/YouGov[46] September 18–27, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.6% 51% 44% 5%[k]
New York Times/Siena College[47] September 21–26, 2024 687 (RV) ± 4.0% 49% 45% 6%
687 (LV) 50% 44% 6%
RMG Research[48][D] September 18−20, 2024 757 (LV) ± 3.5% 54% 43% 3%[l]
Morning Consult[35] September 9−18, 2024 1,488 (LV) ± 3.0% 52% 43% 5%
Morning Consult[35] August 30 – September 8, 2024 1,558 (LV) ± 3.0% 52% 44% 4%
Emerson College[49] September 3–5, 2024 945 (LV) ± 3.1% 53% 43% 4%
54%[m] 45% 1%[i]
SoCal Strategies (R)[50][E] August 31 – September 1, 2024 600 (LV) – 52% 43% 5%
August 23, 2024 Robert F. Kennedy Jr. suspends his presidential campaign and endorses Donald Trump.
ActiVote[51] August 2–22, 2024 400 (LV) ± 4.9% 56% 44% –
August 19–22, 2024 Democratic National Convention
Rasmussen Reports (R)[52][F] August 13–17, 2024 1,267 (LV) – 51% 44% 5%
August 6, 2024 Kamala Harris selects Gov. Tim Walz as her running mate.
Fabrizio Ward (R)/Impact Research (D)[53][G] July 23–28, 2024 600 (LV) ± 4.0% 52% 42% 6%
July 21, 2024 Joe Biden announces his withdrawal from the race; Kamala Harris declares her candidacy for president.
July 15–19, 2024 Republican National Convention
July 13, 2024 attempted assassination of Donald Trump
Ohio Northern University[54] March 6–11, 2024 1,241 (LV) ± 3.3% 51% 38% 11%

Donald Trump vs. Kamala Harris vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein vs. Chase Oliver

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Donald
Trump
Republican 		Kamala
Harris
Democratic 		Cornel
West
Independent 		Jill
Stein
Green 		Chase
Oliver
Libertarian 		Other /
Undecided
AtlasIntel[32] November 3–4, 2024 1,022 (LV) ± 3.0% 54% 45% – 1% 0% –
Focaldata[55] October 3 – November 1, 2024 2,161 (LV) – 53% 44% – 0% 1% 2%
1,867 (RV) ± 2.1% 52% 45% – 0% 2% 1%
2,161 (A) – 53% 42% – 0% 2% 3%
OnMessage Inc. (R)[56][H] October 19–22, 2024 600 (LV) ± 4.0% 52% 44% – 1% 1% 2%[f]
New York Times/Siena College[47] September 21–26, 2024 687 (RV) ± 4.0% 47% 44% – 2% 2% 5%
687 (LV) 49% 43% – 2% 2% 4%
Hypothetical polling with Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Donald Trump vs. Kamala Harris vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein vs. Chase Oliver

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Donald
Trump
Republican 		Kamala
Harris
Democratic 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr.
Independent 		Cornel
West
Independent 		Jill
Stein
Green 		Chase
Oliver
Libertarian 		Other /
Undecided
Miami University[57] October 28–30, 2024 859 (RV) ± 5.0% 49% 46% 0% – 0% 0% 5%
851 (LV) 50% 47% 0% – 0% 0% 3%
Rasmussen Reports (R)[52][F] August 13–17, 2024 1,267 (LV) – 50% 42% 4% 1% 0% – 3%
Fabrizio Ward (R)/Impact Research (D)[53][G] July 23–28, 2024 600 (LV) ± 4.0% 48% 39% 9% – 1% 1% 2%
Hypothetical polling with Donald Trump and Joe Biden

Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Donald
Trump
Republican 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Other /
Undecided
Remington Research Group (R)[58] June 29 – July 1, 2024 611 (LV) ± 4.0% 51% 41% 8%
National Public Affairs[59] May 28–29, 2024 801 (LV) ± 3.5% 54% 46% –
John Zogby Strategies[60][I] April 13–21, 2024 643 (LV) – 52% 42% 6%
Mainstreet Research/Florida Atlantic University[61] March 13–15, 2024 818 (RV) ± 3.4% 51% 40% 9%
Ohio Northern University[54] March 6–11, 2024 1,241 (LV) ± 3.3% 50% 38% 12%
Emerson College[62][J] March 7–10, 2024 1,300 (RV) ± 2.6% 50% 41% 9%
55%[m] 45% –
Emerson College[63][J] January 23–25, 2024 1,844 (RV) ± 2.3% 47% 36% 17%[n]
Emerson College/WJW-TV[64] November 10–13, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 50% 38% 12%
Data for Progress (D)[65] October 31 – November 2, 2023 597 (LV) ± 4.0% 51% 43% 6%
Ohio Northern University[66] October 16–19, 2023 668 (RV) ± 3.8% 45% 40% 15%[o]
Emerson College[67] October 2–4, 2023 438 (RV) ± 4.5% 45% 33% 23%
Change Research (D)/Future Majority (D)[68] September 16–19, 2023 1,559 (RV) – 48% 43% 9%
Ohio Northern University[69] July 17–26, 2023 675 (RV) ± 3.7% 49% 39% 12%
Targoz Market Research[70] November 2–6, 2022 505 (LV) ± 4.3% 57% 40% 3%
Emerson College[71] October 30 – November 1, 2022 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 50% 38% 12%
Ohio Northern University/Lucid[72] October 11–15, 2022 668 (LV) – 55% 35% 10%
Emerson College[73] October 6–7, 2022 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 48% 40% 12%
Emerson College[74] September 12–13, 2022 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 50% 40% 10%
Echelon Insights[75] August 31 – September 7, 2022 831 (LV) ± 4.3% 49% 41% 10%
Emerson College[76] August 15–16, 2022 925 (LV) ± 3.2% 53% 39% 8%
PEM Management Corporation (R)[77][K] July 22–24, 2022 300 (LV) ± 5.7% 42% 44% 14%

Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Donald
Trump
Republican 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr.
Independent 		Cornel
West
Independent 		Jill
Stein
Green 		Other /
Undecided
Marist College[78] June 3–6, 2024 1,137 (RV) ± 3.6% 48% 41% 5% 1% 1% 4%
National Public Affairs[59] May 28–29, 2024 801 (LV) ± 3.5% 48% 40% 7% 2% 3% –
East Carolina University[79] March 8–11, 2024 1,298 (LV) ± 3.2% 48% 38% 5% 1% 1% 7%
Emerson College[62][J] March 7–10, 2024 1,300 (RV) ± 2.6% 47% 38% 6% 1% 1% 7%
Emerson College/WJW-TV[64] November 10–13, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 45% 31% 8% 1% 2% 13%

Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden. vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Donald
Trump
Republican 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr.
Independent 		Other /
Undecided
Ohio Northern University[54] March 6–11, 2024 1,241 (LV) ± 3.3% 44% 32% 13% 11%
Ohio Northern University[66] October 16–19, 2023 668 (RV) ± 3.8% 42% 35% 11% 12%[g]

Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden vs. Cornel West

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Donald
Trump
Republican 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Cornel
West
Green 		Other /
Undecided
Change Research (D)/Future Majority (D)[68] September 16–19, 2023 1,559 (RV) – 45% 36% 9% 10%
42% 34% 6% 18%[p]
Suffolk University/USA Today[80] July 9–12, 2023 500 (RV) ± 4.4% 44% 38% 2% 16%
Hypothetical polling with other candidates

Donald Trump vs. Gavin Newsom

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Donald
Trump
Republican 		Gavin
Newsom
Democratic 		Other /
Undecided
Ohio Northern University[54] March 6–11, 2024 1,241 (LV) ± 3.3% 51% 33% 16%

Donald Trump vs. Gretchen Whitmer

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Donald
Trump
Republican 		Gretchen
Whitmer
Democratic 		Other /
Undecided
Ohio Northern University[54] March 6–11, 2024 1,241 (LV) ± 3.3% 51% 34% 15%

Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Donald
Trump
Republican 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr.
Independent 		Other /
Undecided
John Zogby Strategies[60][I] April 13–21, 2024 643 (LV) – 47% 39% 14%

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Joe Biden

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr.
Independent 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Other /
Undecided
John Zogby Strategies[60][I] April 13–21, 2024 643 (LV) – 55% 34% 11%

Nikki Haley vs. Joe Biden

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Nikki
Haley
Republican 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Other /
Undecided
Ohio Northern University[66] October 16–19, 2023 668 (RV) ± 3.8% 34% 36% 30%[q]
Ohio Northern University[69] July 17–26, 2023 675 (RV) ± 3.7% 38% 38% 24%

Ron DeSantis vs. Joe Biden

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Ron
DeSantis
Republican 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Other /
Undecided
Ohio Northern University[66] October 16–19, 2023 668 (RV) ± 3.8% 38% 41% 21%[o]
Ohio Northern University[69] July 17–26, 2023 675 (RV) ± 3.7% 41% 39% 20%
Emerson College[73] October 6–7, 2022 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 49% 38% 13%
Emerson College[74] September 12–13, 2022 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 48% 38% 14%
Echelon Insights[75] August 31 – September 7, 2022 831 (LV) ± 4.3% 46% 40% 14%

Ron Desantis vs. Joe Biden vs. Cornel West

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Ron
Desantis
Republican 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Cornel
West
Green 		Other /
Undecided
Suffolk University/USA Today[80] July 9–12, 2023 500 (RV) ± 4.4% 39% 37% 2% 22%

Chris Christie vs. Joe Biden

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Chris
Christie
Republican 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Other /
Undecided
Ohio Northern University[69] July 17–26, 2023 675 (RV) ± 3.7% 33% 39% 28%

Mike Pence vs. Joe Biden

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Mike
Pence
Republican 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Other /
Undecided
Ohio Northern University[66] October 16–19, 2023 668 (RV) ± 3.8% 38% 38% 24%[q]
Ohio Northern University[69] July 17–26, 2023 675 (RV) ± 3.7% 37% 38% 25%

Tim Scott vs. Joe Biden

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Tim
Scott
Republican 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Other /
Undecided
Ohio Northern University[69] July 17–26, 2023 675 (RV) ± 3.7% 38% 39% 23%

Generic Republican vs. Joe Biden

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[b] 		Margin
of error 		Generic
Republican 		Joe
Biden
Democratic 		Other /
Undecided
Causeway Solutions[81] May 19–27, 2023 1,639 (RV) ± 2.5% 45% 33% 22%

Results

2024 United States presidential election in Ohio[82][failed verification]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican
3,116,579 55.23% +1.96%
Democratic
2,476,003 43.88% −1.36%
Libertarian
27,502 0.49% −0.65%
Independent
  • Richard Duncan
  • Mitch Bupp
 12,532 0.22% +0.22%
American Solidarity
9,973 0.18% +0.18%
Green
  • Jill Stein (votes not counted)
  • Anita Rios (votes not counted)
 N/A N/A −0.32%
Total votes 5,642,589 100.00%

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Key:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
    V – unclear
  3. ^ a b "Other" with 2%
  4. ^ "Someone else" with 2%
  5. ^ With voters who lean towards a given candidate
  6. ^ a b "Other" with 1%
  7. ^ a b "Some other candidate" with 2%
  8. ^ "Someone else" & "Would not vote" with 1% each
  9. ^ a b "Someone else" with 1%
  10. ^ a b "Another party's candidates" with 1%
  11. ^ "Some other candidate" with 1%
  12. ^ "Some other candidate" with 2%; "Would not vote" with 1%
  13. ^ a b With voters who lean towards a given candidate
  14. ^ "Someone else" with 9%
  15. ^ a b "Some other candidate" with 5%
  16. ^ Joe Manchin with 6%
  17. ^ a b "Some other candidate" with 8%

Partisan clients

  1. ^ Poll sponsored by The Hill
  2. ^ Poll sponsored by Ohio Press Network
  3. ^ Poll sponsored by American Thinker
  4. ^ Poll sponsored by the Napolitan Institute
  5. ^ Poll sponsored by On Point Politics & Red Eagle Politics
  6. ^ a b Poll sponsored by NumbersUSA
  7. ^ a b Poll commissioned by AARP
  8. ^ Poll sponsored by the Senate Opportunity Fund
  9. ^ a b c Poll conducted for Kennedy's campaign
  10. ^ a b c Poll sponsored by Nexstar Media Group
  11. ^ Poll conducted for the John Bolton Super PAC

References

  1. ^ Wang, Hansi; Jin, Connie; Levitt, Zach (April 26, 2021). "Here's How The 1st 2020 Census Results Changed Electoral College, House Seats". NPR. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  2. ^ "270toWin - 2024 Presidential Election Interactive Map". 270toWin.com. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  3. ^ Pelzer, Jeremy (May 9, 2024). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s campaign says he has enough signatures to make Ohio's 2024 presidential ballot". cleveland. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  4. ^ "Ohio voters reject replacing troubled mapmaking system with citizen-led redistricting commission". AP News. November 5, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  5. ^ "Trump Denouncing Special Issue 1".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ Bischoff, Jessie Balmert and Laura A. "Issue 1 fails big in Ohio despite massive money advantage". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  7. ^ "Ohio Presidential Primary". The AP. Retrieved April 27, 2024.
  8. ^ "Ohio Presidential Primary". The AP. April 26, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  9. ^ "2024 CPR Electoral College Ratings". cookpolitical.com. Cook Political Report. December 19, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  10. ^ "Presidential Ratings". insideelections.com. Inside Elections. April 26, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  11. ^ "2024 Electoral College ratings". centerforpolitics.org. University of Virginia Center for Politics. June 29, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  12. ^ "2024 presidential predictions". elections2024.thehill.com/. The Hill. December 14, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  13. ^ "2024 Presidential Forecast". projects.cnalysis.com/. CNalysis. December 30, 2023. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
  14. ^ "Electoral College map 2024: Road to 270". CNN. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  15. ^ "Trump v Biden: The Economist's presidential election prediction model". The Economist. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
  16. ^ Morris, G. Elliott (June 11, 2024). "2024 Election Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
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