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UB-59号潜艇

历史
德意志帝国
船名 UB-59号
下订日 1916年5月20日[1]
建造方 不来梅威悉船厂
原始造价 327.6万德国纸马克
船廠編號 271
铺设龙骨 1916年9月13日[2]
下水日期 1917年7月21日
入役日期 1917年8月25日
结局 1918年10月5日在泽布吕赫附近凿沉
技术数据[3]
船級 UB级潜艇
船型 UB-III型近岸潜艇英语Coastal submarine
排水量
  • 水面:516吨
  • 水下:646吨
船長 55.85米(全长
型宽 5.80米
吃水 3.72米
動力輸出
  • 780千瓦特(柴油机)
  • 580千瓦特(电动机)
動力來源
船速
  • 水面:13.4节
  • 水下:7.8节
續航力
  • 水面:9020海里以6节
  • 水下:55海里以4节
潛航深度 50米
乘員 3名军官、31名水兵
武器裝備
服役记录
所属
指挥官
  • 海军上尉埃尔温·瓦斯纳[4]
  • 1917年8月25日-1918年5月5日
参与行动 5次巡逻
战绩
  • 击沉7艘商船(8361总吨
  • 击伤2艘商船(12413总吨)

陛下之UB-59号艇(德語:SM UB 59[註 1])是德意志帝国海军第一次世界大战期间建造的其中一艘UB-III型近岸潜艇英语Coastal submarine或称U艇。它由不来梅威悉船厂承建,于1917年7月21日新船下水,至同年8月25日交付使用英语Ship commissioning。其全长55.85米,水面及水下排水量分别为516吨和646吨,艇载武器则包括五具500毫米鱼雷发射管以及一门88毫米口径甲板炮英语Deck gun。UB-59号的整个服役生涯都是在驻比利时的佛兰德区舰队度过,并参与了大西洋潜艇战。在五次巡逻期间,该艇累计击沉了7艘协约国中立国商船,容积总吨为8361吨。1918年10月5日,UB-59号于德军撤离比利时期间在泽布吕赫附近被凿沉

设计

UB-59号是不来梅威悉船厂承建的UB-III型首批次(UB-54至UB-59号)的末艇,由德意志帝国海军潜艇监察局于1916年5月20日向订购,同年9月13日动工,至1917年7月21日下水。其全长55.85米,舷宽5.8米。艇体采用双壳体德语Zweihüllenboot结构,水面及水下排水量分别为516吨和646吨,浮起时的吃水深度为3.72米。[3]由于无需像UC-II型艇那样提供水雷布设装置,设计工程师对潜艇舷弧进行了优化,增大了司令塔体积,配备两具潜望镜,司令塔与控制室之间增加一道水密舱壁。这些改进显著提高了潜艇的水下机动性和生存力。[5]为了达到更高的航速,UB-59号采用两台科尔庭英语Körting Hannover六缸四冲程530匹公制馬力(390千瓦特柴油机用于水面运行,以及两台394匹公制馬力(290千瓦特)的西门子-舒克特英语Siemens-Schuckert电动发电机用于水下航行;水面最高航速13.4節(24.8公里每小時),水下7.8節(14.4公里每小時);能够在水面以6節(11公里每小時)航速续航9,020海里(16,710公里),或以4節(7.4公里每小時)连续在水下航行55海里(102公里)而无需充电。[3]

UB-59号的主武器为五具500毫米艇艏鱼雷发射管,其中艇艏四具采用层叠式布局分居两侧、艇艉一具,并可搭载合共10枚G6型鱼雷。辅助武器则是一门88毫米30倍径速射炮英语8.8 cm SK L/30 naval gun。其标准船员编制为3名军官加31名水兵。[3]

服役历史

1917年8月25日,UB-59号在曾先后担任UC-3UB-38UC-69号艇长、经验丰富的海军上尉埃尔温·瓦斯纳的指挥下正式入役英语Ship commissioning,随即展开海试[4]完成海试后,该艇独力驶往比利时,于11月5日加入驻泽布吕赫佛兰德区舰队[2]佛兰德服役期间,UB-59号参与了大西洋潜艇战,足迹遍及英吉利海峡比斯开湾北海霍夫登英语Hoofden水域。[6]它执行过五次巡逻,期间累计击沉了7艘协约国中立国商船,容积总吨为8361吨。[7]

1918年5月4日,UB-59号在法国的灰鼻岬英语Cap Gris-Nez附近触雷,造成严重损坏。在战争余下的时间里,它都停留在奥斯坦德进行维修。UB-59号的大部分官兵、包括艇长埃尔温中尉则被整体换编至新入役的UB-117号[6]9月26日,在默兹-阿戈讷攻势启动,且协约国开始击退德军防线后,德国人计划撤离佛兰德,拆除布鲁日、泽布吕赫和奥斯坦德的海军设施。[8]所有适航舰艇都奉命于10月1日离开佛兰德前往德国;那些无法独立完成航行的艇只将被销毁。UB-59号成为了被留下的四艘U艇之一。[9][註 2]10月5日,维修人员在泽布吕赫防波堤附近凿沉了UB-59号,沉没地点大致位于51°19′N 3°12′E / 51.317°N 3.200°E / 51.317; 3.200处。[2][8]

袭击历史摘要

日期 船名 船籍 吨位 结局
[7]
1917年11月28日 让娜·孔塞伊号英语List of shipwrecks in November 1917#28 November  法國 2309 击沉
1917年11月29日 德克萨斯号英语List of shipwrecks in November 1917#29 November  法國 6674 击伤
1917年12月5日 那不勒斯城号英语List of shipwrecks in December 1917#5 December  英国 5739 击伤
1918年2月2日 阿槃提号英语List of shipwrecks in February 1918#2 February  英国 2128 击沉
1918年2月3日 霍尔姆敦号英语List of shipwrecks in February 1918#3 February  英国 598 击沉
1918年3月13日 特威德号英语List of shipwrecks in March 1918#13 March  英国 1025 击沉
1918年3月14日 委内瑞拉号英语List of shipwrecks in March 1918#14 March  法國 730 击沉
1918年3月月16日 西南号英语List of shipwrecks in March 1918#17 March  英国 674 击沉
1918年3月20日 艾宰穆尔号英语List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March  法國 897 击沉

注释

  1. ^ SM表示“Seiner Majestät”,即“陛下之(潜艇)”。
  2. ^ 另外三艘分别为UB-10UB-40UC-4号[9]

脚注

  1. ^ Rössler,第65頁.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Helgason, Guðmundur. WWI U-boats: UB 59. German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. [2014-07-26]. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Gröner 1991,第25-30頁.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Helgason, Guðmundur. WWI U-boat commanders: Erwin Waßner (Pour le Mérite). German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. [2015-02-03]. 
  5. ^ 陈进,第239頁.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 NARS,第97頁.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Helgason, Guðmundur. Ships hit by UB 59. German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. [2015-02-03]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Messimer,第132頁.
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Gibson & Prendergast,第324頁.

参考资料

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