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Dopaminski receptor

Dopamin

Dopaminski receptori su klasa metabotropnih G protein-spregnutih receptora koji su prominentni u centralnom nervnom sistemu (CNS) kičmenjaka. Neurotransmiter dopamin je primarni endogeni ligand za dopaminske receptore.

Dopaminski receptori učestvuju u mnoštvu neuroloških procesa, kao što su motivacija, zadovoljstvo, kognicija, memorija, učenje, fina motorna kontrola, kao i modulacija neuroendokrine signalizacije. Abnormalni prenos signala dopaminskih receptora i iregularna funkcija dopaminergičkih nerva su implicirane u više neuropsihijatrijkih poremećaja.[1] Iz tih razloga, dopaminski receptori su česta meta neuroloških lekova. Antipsihotici su često antagonisti dopamina, dok su psihostimulansi tipično indirektni agonisti dopaminskog receptora.

Tipovi dopaminskog receptora

Postoji pet tipova dopaminskog receptora, D1, D2, D3, D4 i D5. Receptori D1 i D5 su članovi D1-slične familije dopaminskih receptora, dok su D2, D3 i D4 receptori članovi D2-slične familije. Postoji podaci koji sugerišu mogućnost postojanja D6 i D7 dopaminskih receptora, ali ti receptori nisu bili ubedljivo identifikovani.[2]

Na globalnom nivou, D1 receptori su široko izraženi u mozgu. D1-2 receptorski tipovi su nađeni u 10-100 puta višim nivoima od D3-5 tipova.[3]

D1-slična familija

D2-slična familija

Aktivacija D2-slične familije receptora je spregnuta sa G proteinom Gαi, koji direktno inhibira formiranje cAMP putem inhibiranja enzima adenilat ciklaze.[4]

Literatura

  1. ^ Girault J, Greengard P (2004). „The neurobiology of dopamine signaling”. Arch Neurol. 61 (5): 641—4. PMID 15148138. doi:10.1001/archneur.61.5.641. 
  2. ^ Contreras F, Fouillioux C, Bolívar A, Simonovis N, Hernández-Hernández R, Armas-Hernandez M, Velasco M (2002). „Dopamine, hypertension and obesity”. J Hum Hypertens. 16 Suppl 1: S13—7. PMID 11986886. doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001334. 
  3. ^ Hurley MJ, Jenner P (2006). „What has been learnt from study of dopamine receptors in Parkinson's disease?”. Pharmacol Ther. 111 (3): 715. PMID 16458973. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.12.001. 
  4. ^ Neves SR; Ram PT; Ravi Iyengar (2002). „G protein pathways”. Science (journal). 296 (5573): 1636—9. PMID 12040175. doi:10.1126/science.1071550. 
  5. ^ а б „Introduction to Neuroscience I - Google Books”. 
  6. ^ Suzuki M, Hurd YL, Sokoloff P, Schwartz JC, Sedvall G (1998). „D3 dopamine receptor mRNA is widely expressed in the human brain”. Brain Res. 779 (1-2): 58—74. PMID 9473588. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(97)01078-0. 
  7. ^ NCBI Database
  8. ^ Manor I, Tyano S, Eisenberg J, Bachner-Melman R, Kotler M, Ebstein RP (2002). „The short DRD4 repeats confer risk to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a family-based design and impair performance on a continuous performance test (TOVA)”. Mol. Psychiatry. 7 (7): 790—4. PMID 12192625. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001078. 
  9. ^ Langley K, Marshall L, van den Bree M, Thomas H, Owen M, O'Donovan M, Thapar A (2004). „Association of the dopamine D4 receptor gene 7-repeat allele with neuropsychological test performance of children with ADHD”. Am J Psychiatry. 161 (1): 133—8. PMID 14702261. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.1.133. 
  10. ^ Kustanovich V, Ishii J, Crawford L, Yang M, McGough JJ, McCracken JT, Smalley SL, Nelson SF (2004). „Transmission disequilibrium testing of dopamine-related candidate gene polymorphisms in ADHD: confirmation of association of ADHD with DRD4 and DRD5”. Mol. Psychiatry. 9 (7): 711—7. PMID 14699430. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001466. 

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